) IA AL R ST AU - AN UD S H UT SO ( NG YA N OR M AU D A EL D MO THE STATE OF AFRICAN WOMEN REPORT Key Findings JUNE 2018 A project implemented by: Organisation of Africa n First Ladies Against HIV/AIDS (OAFLA) The State of African Women Report © June 2018 This report was developed and published in the context of the State of African Women project, implemented by a consortium of eight partners. Authors: Anouka van Eerdewijk, Mariam Kamunyu, Laura Nyirinkindi, Rainatou Sow, Marlies Visser and Elsbet Lodenstein (KIT, Royal Tropical Institute) Principal Editorial Advisor: Caroline Kwamboka N. (IPPF, International Planned Parenthood Federation) French translation: Tamarind Translations Portugese translation: Tamarind Translations Report design: Kapusniak Design, James Ngechu i PREFACE The ‘State of African Women’ Report marks a major milestone in the three-year advocacy, communication and awareness raising campaign project that focuses on increasing civil society’s contributions to promote the implementation of the African Union policy frameworks. The project is implemented at the global, continental, regional, national and sub-national levels by a consortium that includes International Planned Parenthood Federation Africa Region (IPPFAR), International Planned Parenthood Federation European Network (IPPFEN), Organisation of African First Ladies Against HIV/AIDS (OAFLA), Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevoelkerung (DSW), Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Faith to Action Network (F2A), and the Young Women Christian Association Kenya (YWCA). Within this consortium, KIT has led and worked with a team of African Women Researchers to develop the ‘State of African Women’ Report. through greater transparency and public pressure on duty bearers. Whilst comprehensive mechanisms exist to document status recognizes the untapped potential of CSOs, Youth, Journalists, Parliamentarians, Religious Leaders and First Ladies as mediators and advocates; and appreciates their latent ability to further push for the implementation of existing provisions. The ‘State of African Women’ Report provides vital information that supports the strengthening of CSO advocacy This report in decision-making processes. With increased access to knowledge and understanding of policy gaps and contestations, CSOs are also better-equipped and enabled to hold decision makers to account for their policy commitments through evidence and a stronger civil society voice. The potential for a long lasting and far reaching impact in Africa is huge. justify across Africa will utilize this evidence-based piece and further develop learning instruments through repackaging the information into policy briefs and communication products. of Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063. ‘An Africa whose development is People-Driven, Relying on the Potential of African People, Especially its Women and Youth.’ Lucien Kouakou, International Planned Parenthood Federation Africa Region Caroline Hickson, International Planned Parenthood Federation European Network Anouka van Eerdewijk, Royal Tropical Institute Angela Baehr, Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevoelkerung Peter Munene, Faith to Action Catherina Hinz, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit Mame-Yaa K. Bosomtwi, Organisation of African First Ladies Against HIV/AIDS Deborah Olwal-Modi, Young Women Christian Association Kenya Rika Sonia Ndimbira, Organisation of African First Ladies Against HIV/AIDS Hannah Mekonnen, Organisation of African First Ladies Against HIV/AIDS Caroline Kwamboka N., International Planned Parenthood Federation Africa Region Emma Bowa, International Planned Parenthood Federation Africa Region Stephanie Truille-Baurens, European Union ii The State of African Women FOREWORD Lucien Kouakou Regional Director, IPPFAR Member States of the African Union are signatories to various International Conventions and Declarations that seek to improve the health of women, men and children on the continent. Whilst there are already comprehensive mechanisms in place that document have explored in detail, how rights and gender approaches are implemented in practice; as well as the challenges that CSOs face in mediating between duty bearers and rights holders. The ‘State of African Women’ Report has undertaken to systematically, analytically and contextually document current and emerging challenges that continue to burden rights bearers despite the existence of progressive and protective policy frameworks. This knowledge is vital for evidence-based advocacy, key decision making and strengthening dialogue between state and non-state actors. I believe that this report will provide inspiration to the entire Gender Equality and SRHR movement in Africa, to rekindle the momentum in advancing and accelerating implementation of provisions enshrined in our continental policy frameworks and instruments. The ‘State of African Women’ Report has projected considerable analytical evidence on the impact that the Maputo Plan of Action and Maputo Protocol has had on sub-regional and national policies. It is clear that domestication of provisions is long way in supporting key decision makers both in the policy and social realms to further and more consciously implement these It is my earnest hope that policy makers, parliamentarians, development partners, media, youth and African citizens at large will wish to assure all readers that IPPFAR and the SoAWC Consortia Members, supported by thousands of volunteers, champions and spaces across the continent. I also wish to thank all the state and non-state actors, the team of researchers as well as the larger civil society constituency in Africa for their invaluable participation throughout the development of this report. I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed tirelessly in numerous ways to put this report together. Sincerely, Lucien Kouakou Regional Director IPPF Africa Region iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This State of African Women report is a clear example of what can be realised when standing on the shoulders of giants. It is a testimony to the voices, achievements and courage of women and girls across the continent who challenge discrimination and to and engaged in realising women and girls’ rights in the past, present and future. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the project development team that was led by Matthias Brucker in 2016 when the State of African Women project was designed. We sincerely thank the many individuals who were contacted, interviewed, and who shared information, insights, and critical views that proved indispensable to this report. This includes representatives and staff at the different Regional Economic Communities, as well as women’s rights and SRHR organisations, activists, youth leaders, faith-based organisations and leaders at the continental, regional, national and community levels. We are also grateful to the 42 participants of the Regional Research Workshop (December 5-6, 2017, Nairobi). Their active engagement allowed this Rajab-Leteipan for taking detailed notes of the rich conversations during the workshop. Rajab-Leteipan. Their reviews, provided in a very short time, elevated this report. Throughout the development of this report, the contributions from consortium partners were also of high value, from the report Nkoume, Cesaire Pooda, Bibiane Mbaye, Eunice Murambi, Mark Okundi, Tina Lubayo, John Robert Ekapu, Susan Wamarwa, Paulin Tra, Peter Munene, Vitalis Mukhebi, Hanna Mekonnen, Macharia Karanja, Gina Wharton, Julia Millauer, Lorena Fuehr, Rena Föhr, Alice Bridgwood, Andrea Oliveira, and their colleagues in their respective organisations, for their insightful comments, ideas and feedback along the way. Throughout the drafting of the report, Nathalie Nkoume and Peter Munene stood out in providing guidance and direction which was highly appreciated. We have been lucky to work with a passionate core team of researchers that authored this report. Rainatou Sow, Laura Nyirinkindi, Mariam Mamunyu, Elsbet Lodenstein and Marlies Visser, you all brought a vast experience, a high level of ambition and a hard- working mentality to our team. There is so much more to say, but here we thank you for your energy and open mind, and your willingness to learn together, so that the whole could be larger than the sum of its parts. We are also grateful to Sandra Quintero for her thorough contributions in the desk review and early writing phase. We also thank Peguy Ndonko for his efforts in the initial data collection in one of the regions. and supportive way of working. We are also grateful for the efforts of Kaz Kapusniak, and Rena Föhr and her colleagues, for the and advice, and for providing an academic home. Anouka van Eerdewijk and Caroline Kwamboka N. iv The State of African Women coNTENTS Preface ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... i Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................................................................