ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAWIPAIGN Ci ASSICS CL-x ,\'^ t -iK ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XXI 1996 ISSN 0363-1923 ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XXI 1996 SCHOLARS PRESS ISSN 0363-1923 ©1996 The Board of Trustees University of Illinois Copies of the journal may be ordered from: Scholars Press Membership Services P. O. Box 15399 Atlanta, GA 30333-0399 Printed in the U.S.A. EDITOR David Sansone ADVISORY EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Gerald M. Browne J. K. Newman James A. Dengate S. Douglas Olson Howard Jacobson Maryline G. Parca CAMERA-READY COPY PRODUCED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MARY ELLEN FRYER Illinois Classical Studies is published annually by Scholars Press. Camera- ready copy is edited and produced in the Department of the Classics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Each contributor receives fifty offprints free of charge. Contributions should be addressed to: The Editor, Illinois Classical Studies Department of the Classics 4072 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801 Contents "Predicates Can Be Topics" 1 GERALD M. BROWNE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Manuscript Indications of Change of Speaker in Aristophanes' Peace 5 S. DOUGLAS OLSON, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Plato and Euripides 35 DAVID SANSONE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Perfume from Peron's: The Politics of Pedicure in Anaxandrides Fragment 41 Kassel-Austin 69 ANDREW SCHOLTZ, Yale University The Amores of Propertius: Unity and Structure in Books 2-A 87 JAMES L. BUTRICA, Memorial University of Newfoundland Ad Ps.-Philonis Librum Antiquitatum Biblicarum 159 GERALD M. BROWNE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ThQ Monxtnc Versio Latina 161 ROBIN SOWERBY, Stirling University 'Predicates Can Be Topics" GERALD M. BROWNE In her recent book, Word Order in Ancient Greek: A Pragmatic Account of Word Order Variation in Herodotus, Amsterdam Studies in Classical Philology 5 (Amsterdam 1995), Helma Dik uses the resources of Functional Grammar to uncover the rules for ordering words in ancient Greek. Although she restricts herself to Herodotus, her remarks have validity for later Greek as well, as David Sansone has suggested in his review of her work in Bryn Mawr Classical Review 6 (1995) 690-91. Dik (24) proceeds on the basis of the distinction in Functional Grammar between Topic ("the information [in a clause] that serves as a point of orientation") and Focus ("the most salient piece of new information"). In more traditional terminology, the Topic is—roughly speaking—the logical subject, the Focus the logical predicate. Her basic schema for Greek word order is: PI P0 V X PI = Topic position; P0 = preverbal Focus position; V = position of the verb if neither Topic nor Focus; X = everything else (12). One of Dik's most convincing demonstrations appears in Chapter 7, entitled "Predicates Can Be Topics." She begins by marshalling the Herodotean evidence to show that "Topic assignment to predicate constituents seems to be indicated especially when the predicate is a lexical repetition of the predicate in the previous clause" (207). In this case, the topicalized predicate appears in clause-initial position, in conformity with Dik's schema: e.g. Herodotus 3. 1 ne\i\\iaq Ka\i^<)oy\q eq Al'yuKTOV KtipDKa aixee "A^iaaiv G-uyaxepa, aiTee 6e ek Po\)X,fi(; dv5p6q Aijonxiox) (210). Classicists who know Coptic will hardly be surprised to read that predicates can be Topics. Shackled by a rigid word order, Coptic developed a particularly elegant way of topicalizing predicates: In order to shift the Focus from the verb, the verb itself is nominalized by being put into a so- -» called Second Tense. E.g. ikq2Mooc (Perfect I) hm^y "he sat there" NTi.q2^'ooc (Perfect II) mh^y "that he sat is there" = "it is there that he sat." ' 2 Illinois Classical Studies 21(1 996) Hans Jakob Polotsky, who discovered the function of the Coptic Second Tenses, describes one of their characteristic environments in his Grundlagen des koptischen Satzbaus I, American Studies in Papyrology 27 (Decatur, GA 1987) 134: . dasselbe Verbum [erscheint] in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Satzen .... das erste Mai in einem Ersten Tempus, das den Verbalvorgang urn seiner selbst willen als Kern der Satzaussage mitteilt, und das zweite Mai in einem Zweiten Tempus, worin der Verbalvorgang als geschehen vorausgesetzt und nur wiederaufgenommen wird, um einem neuen Pradikat [i.e. Focus] als Subjekt [i.e. Topic] zu dienen. Polotsky 's description harmonizes with what Dik noted, and John 21.1, which he cites, displays word order comparable to that in Herodotus: iiexa xavTa e(pavepo)aev kavxbv naXiv 6 'Irjaovq xolq [iaQr[Taiq ini xfic; Qakdaor[q xr\q TiPepidSoq- ecpavepcoaev 6e omcaq (nriric^ \i!>.\ on i. Ic OYPN2U [Perfect I] eneqHii^^HTHC 2i2Sti ^^a^cc^ NTiBepii^c- ". HTxqoYonpU [Perfect II] as MTei2e: . and it was in this way that he revealed himself). In Coptic, the position of the verb is fixed. Had he written xqoYor<2q (Perfect I) Ae NTei2e ("and he revealed himself in this way"), the translator would have taken the verb as Focus. By putting it in the Second Tense, riT2i.qoYOH2M, he captured the nuance achieved in Greek by placing e(pavep(oaev in clause-initial position; in other words, he interpreted it as Topic. The Coptic therefore confirms the correctness of Dik's analysis, and it also gives support for the conclusion of her chapter, viz. that a topicalized predicate can begin a clause even when it is not a lexical reiteration of the predicate in a preceding clause (235). Here too Coptic avails itself of the Second Tense, as the following examples show: Matthew 13. 24 mnoKoGri fj PaoiA,e{a xcov o-upavwv dvGpcoTifp CTteipavTi Ktt^ov anep^ia ev xw dypib aijtov (ecTHTtoH [Present II] [\6\ TMNxepo NMnHye eypcuHe e^qxo Noy^po^ eri^Moyq 2P2^i 2" reqctucpe : "It is to a man who has sown a good seed in his field that the kingdom of the heavens is similar") Psalm 77. 2 = Matthew 13. 35 dvoi£,co ev 7tapaPoA,ai(; to ax6\ia [lov (^l^^^OYcut^ [Future II] upcui sen 2^Nn^p^ROXH [Bohairic], ^iMeoycort [id.] 6Acui' 2H 2eNn^p^BOAH [Fayumic]: "It is in parables that I shall open my mouth") ' Cf. also the following passages for a similar use of the Second Tense: Luke 17. 20; Romans 6. 10; 2 Corinthians 11. 17; Galatians 2. 1-2. Gerald M. Browne 3 Clement 12. 2 iiKaqiv KaxaoKOTievaai xfiv x^Po.v aiiiibv ( riwei [Perfect II] ^MoyiyT Tq^tup2i. [Achmimic]: "It was to examine his [sic] land that they came") The first example, like that quoted above and those mentioned in note 1, is in Sahidic, the others—taken from Polotsky's Etudes de syntaxe copte (Cairo 1944) 42 and 45—are in other dialects, and I include them in order to show the pan-Coptic nature of the phenomenon. In the past, close comparison of Greek and Coptic was of great help in elucidating the latter' s structure; such a comparison was, for example, the starting point for Polotsky when he sought to unravel the mysteries of the Second Tenses.^ The evidence presented in this article suggests that it is now time to turn the tables and to exploit Coptic in order to deepen our understanding of Greek. ^ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ^ Polotsky, hudes (cited above) 24. ^ For further demonstration of the utility of Coptic in the study of Greek, see my "Coptico- Graeca: The Sahidic Version of St Athanasius' Vita Antonii" GRBS 12 (1971) 59-64 and "Chariton and Coptic," ICS 10 (1985) 135-37 (with 303). - Manuscript Indications of Change of Speaker in Aristophanes' Peace S. DOUGLAS OLSON Aristophanes' Peace is preserved in ten manuscripts, the oldest and most complete of which are the tenth-century Ravennas 429 (R) and the eleventh century Venetus Marcianus 474 (V).' A third manuscript, Venetus Marcianus 475 (G) is almost certainly a direct copy of V and can therefore be eliminated from consideration.^ The seven remaining manuscripts of the play, along with the Aldine edition of 1498, appear to be descended from a single lost manuscript, hereafter P . As I will argue in detail elsewhere, (3 was copied on at least three occasions: (1) First, after it had lost a leaf containing lines 948-1011, to produce the manuscript (hereafter ti) which served as the exemplar for Palatinus Vaticanus 474 (P; 15th c), Copenhagen, Gamle Kongelig Samling 1980 (H; 15th c), Parisinus Regius 2717 (C; 16th c), and a lost manuscript (hereafter \\.) known to Marcus Musurus and used by him to supplement his Triklinian text of Peace ' The readings reported in this article represent my own collations from microfilms of the manuscripts or, in the case of R and V, from the photographic reproductions produced by J. van Leeuwen (Leiden 1904) and J. W. White and T. W. Allen (London and Boston 1902), respectively. Thanks are due Martha Landis of the Special Collections Office in the University of Illinois Graduate Library for her generous assistance in obtaining microfilms of the manuscripts of Peace. I know the various papyri only from the reports of their editors. Much of the research for this article was completed during the 1994-95 and 1995-96 academic years, during which I held at different points a Junior Fellowship at the Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington D.C., a Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Study at the UIUC, and an Arnold O. Beckman Research Award. For useful basic descriptions of R, V, P, C, H, L, Vvl7, and the Aldine, see C. N. Eberline, Studies in the Manuscript Tradition of the Ranae of Aristophanes, Beitrage zur klassischen Philologie 1 19 (Meisenheim am Glan 1980) 27-28, 41-42, 52-53, 37-38, 5-6, 21, 34, and 45- 46, respectively.