PROCEEDINGS THE SIXTY-THIRD ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC GLASSBLOWING 2018 THE AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC GLASSBLOWERS SOCIETY i Proceedings The Sixty-third Annual Symposium on the Art of Scientific Glassblowing Sponsored by The American Scientific Glassblowers Society Colorado Springs, Colorado June 19-22, 2018 THE AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC GLASSBLOWERS SOCIETY Norman, OK i The American Scientific Glassblowers Society P.O. Box 1777 Norman, OK 73070 Phone: 716-353-8062 FAX: 866-880-3216 [email protected] Library of Congress #58-3756 Copyright 2018 ii OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF THE AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC GLASSBLOWERS SOCIETY 2017 – 2018 Officers President Philip Legge President-Elect Benjamin Revis Secretary Kathryn Jones Treasurer Victor Mathews Sectional Directors Elayne Ashley Jeff Haut Scott Bankroff Jack Korfhage Sabrina Bélanger Philip Sliwoski Katie Severance Jared Carver Blake Bortolin Dennis Wargo Andrew Gibbs Jerry Cloninger, Executive Secretary Jim and Laura Cornell, National Office Managers Marylin C. Brown, Ph.D., Fusion & Proceedings Editor PROCEEDINGS is an informational journal and assumes no responsibil- ity for the accuracy, validity, or originality of any contributed article or opinion expressed herein. iii Past Presidents † J. Allen Alexander Joseph Walas, Jr. † Karl H. Walther A. Ben Seal † Arthur Dolenga Robert J. Ponton † Alfred H. Walrod Ian B. Duncanson † Richard W. Poole † Allan B. Brown † William E. Barr Richard C. Smith † Charles J. Cassidy Richard P. Gerhart † Jonathan Seckman David G. Daenzer † William A. Gilhooley Barry W. Lafler M. Howe Smith Doni J. Hatz † Billie E. Pahl Gary S. Coyne Theodore W. Bolan Edwin A. Powell Earl R. Nagle Michael J. Souza † Werner H. Haak Scott Bankroff † Gordon Good Ronald A. Bihler Robert G. Campbell James R. Hodgson † Helmut E. Drechsel Robert B. Singer Lawrence W. Ryan, Jr. Jack Korfhage † Joseph W. Baum Gene Nelson Andre W. Spaan Curt Sexton Donald E. Lillie Patrick DeFlorio † Wilbur C. Mateyka Frank Meints Jerry A. Cloninger James C. Cornell † David Chandler Steven D. Moder † Owen J. Kingsbury, Jr. Raymond T. “Skip” Huckaby Raymond L. Carew Joseph S. Gregar James K. Merritt Joseph S. Gregar † Deceased iv 63rd Symposium Committees Symposium Co-Chairs Ron Bihler Precision Glassblowing of Colorado Joe Gregar Argonne National Labs Symposium Coordinator Bob Singer Technical Glass Products Allan B. Brown Regular Member Kevin Teaford Seminars Chair University of Utah Artistic Demonstrations / Jennifer Langill, Scripps Health Auction Chair Annalee Pickett, Elemental Scientific Exhibits Chair Dennis Wargo Wale Apparatus, Inc. Joseph S. Gregar Junior Member Christopher Bock Seminar Chair Sea Cube Co. Seminars Chair Jim Hodgson Kansas State University Technical Papers Chair Tracy Drier University of Wisconsin-Madison Technical Posters Chair Elayne Ashley Georgia Tech Technical Demonstrations Chair Blake Bortolin Precision Glassblowing of Colorado v Contents Papers From Object to Project – A Primer on the Procedural Approach to Scien- tific Glassblowing By Steven Sweat ...................................... Unavailable for publication ICEMAG: Constructing Magnometers for a Journey to Find Life on Europa By Michael J. Souza .......................................................................... 3 Imagination of the Electrics By Bryan Kekst Brown .................................................................... 12 A Look into Volcanology through the Glass Fluidization Cup By Elayne Ashley ............................................................................. 21 Point of Excellence: Machine Shop By Tracy O. Drier and Steve Myers ................................................ 27 A Repurposed Rotovap for Peptide Synthesis By James Hodgson ........................................................................... 40 Other Information 2018 Technical Posters ........................................................................... 46 2018 Technical Demonstrations ............................................................. 47 2018 Exhibitors ..................................................................................... 48 2018 Symposium Attendees ................................................................... 51 vi Papers 1 2 ICEMAG: (The Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry) Constructing Magnetometers for a Journey to Find Life on Europa By Michael J. Souza* ABSTRACT ICEMAG: The Flight Ready Process of Constructing Magnetometers for a Journey to Europa. The Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry (ICEMAG) is a multi-frequency helium magnetometer made of aluminosilicate glass that will be flown on board the Europa Clipper mission to Jupiter’s moon Europa. A glass cell filled with helium acts as a vector magnetometer that will be used for probing the subsurface and determining Europa’s ocean depth, salinity, and ice shell thickness, as well as detecting erupting plume activity. The paper will discuss the mission outline and detail the certifi- cation process used by NASA and JPL. INTRODUCTION Perhaps one of the primary questions mankind faces is: What other forms of life exist outside the confines of our planet? Given the near infinite possibilities of our universe, the theoretical answer is that life is inevitable. However, the vastness of space makes empiri- cal discovery difficult to prove. Nevertheless, scientists now have reason to believe that we may soon discover that life exists within our own Solar System. In an almost mystical coincidence, the source of this possible discovery comes from one of the Galilean moons of Jupiter. Four centuries ago, when Galileo used his telescope to gaze towards Jupiter and found four of the moons orbiting the giant planet, this incontrovertible evidence proved that the universe was not Earth centric and forever changed our civilization. Many histori- ans believe that this historic moment established a place for scientific reason and methodol- ogy on which modern science and technology now stands. WHY EUROPA? Europa is the 3rd moon closest to Jupiter and is about 3,160 kilometers (1,950 miles) in diameter, or about the size of Earth’s moon. In late 2012, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope spotted what seemed to be 125-mile- high (200 kilometers) geysers of water vapor spew- ing from the poles of Europa.1 (see Image 1) This was later confirmed by NASA’s Galileo Jupiter probe. Could these geothermal vents provide heat and energy to sustain life? And what are those brown smudges? Image 1. Europa. This image or video was catalogued by Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: PIA00502. *Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Email: [email protected]. 1 https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-363. Published December 12, 2013. 3 CLIPPER MISSION & ICEMAG On May 26, 2015, NASA announced the selection of ICEMAG and eight other investi- gations for the Europa mission’s science payload for scientific instruments to fly onboard its planned Clipper spacecraft which would orbit Jupiter and conduct repeated close flybys of the small moon during a three-year period. SCIENTIFIC PAYLOAD • Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding (PIMS) - This instrument works in con- junction with a magnetometer and is key to determining Europa’s ice shell thickness, ocean depth, and salinity by correcting the magnetic induction signal for plasma cur- rents around Europa. • Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry (ICEMAG) - This mag- netometer will measure the magnetic field near Europa and, in conjunction with the PIMS instrument, infer the location, thickness and salinity of Europa’s subsurface ocean. • Mapping Imaging Spectrometer for Europa (MISE) - This instrument will probe the composition of Europa, identifying and mapping the distributions of organics, salts, acid hydrates, water ice phases, and other materials to determine the habitability of Europa’s ocean. • Europa Imaging System (EIS) - The wide and narrow angle cameras on this instru- ment will map most of Europa at 50 meter (164 foot) resolution, and will provide im- ages of areas of Europa’s surface at up to 100 times higher resolutionn. • Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON) - This dual-frequency ice penetrating radar instrument is designed to characterize and sound Europa’s icy crust from the near-surface to the ocean, revealing the hidden structure of Europa’s ice shell and potential water within. • Europa Thermal Emission Imaging System (E-THEMIS) - This “heat detector” will provide high spatial resolution, multi-spectral thermal imaging of Europa to help detect active sites, such as potential vents erupting plumes of water into space. • MAss SPectrometer for Planetary EXploration/Europa (MASPEX) - This instru- ment will determine the composition of the surface and subsurface ocean by measuring Europa’s extremely tenuous atmosphere and any surface material ejected into space. • Ultraviolet Spectrograph/Europa (UVS) - This instrument will investigate the likely presence of water plumes erupting from Europa’s surface. UVS will be able to detect small plumes and will provide valuable data about the composition and dynamics of the moon’s rarefied atmosphere. • SUrface Dust Mass Analyzer (SUDA) - This instrument will measure the composi- tion of small, solid particles ejected from Europa, providing the opportunity to directly sample the surface and potential plumes on low-altitude