POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITY SURVEY IN MADAGASCAR INITIATED AND FINANCED BY: JICA MADAGASCAR FINAL REPORT February 07 Cabinet COEF RESSOURCES BP 4075 Lot II U 54 A Ambaranjana Antananarivo 101 MADAGASCAR Tél. 033 11 283 82 / 22 283 82 E. mail : [email protected] Final report CONTENTS CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................2 SUMMARY EXECUTIVE .........................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................9 PART I METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH ..........................................................................10 I. DOCUMENTARY STUDY...............................................................................................11 II. INTERVIEWS OF RESOURCE PEOPLE ......................................................................11 III. INVESTIGATION IN THE FIELD ..................................................................................12 A. Group interview..........................................................................................................12 1. Region Atsimo Atsinanana - Province of Fianarantsoa ..........................................12 2. Région Analanjirofo - Province de Toamasina .......................................................13 B. Interviews at households level ...................................................................................13 1. Région Atsimo Atsinanana - Province de Fianarantsoa .........................................13 2. Région Analanjirofo - Province de Toamasina .......................................................14 PART II: POVERTY CONTEXT IN MADAGASCAR: SITUATION AND CAUSES..............15 I. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF POVERTY IN MADAGASCAR ..................................16 II. DEFINITION OF POVERTY...........................................................................................17 III. CAUSES OF POVERTY AND FOOD INSECURITY ....................................................18 IV. CRITERIA OF POVERTY.............................................................................................19 A. Criterias of categorizing household according to the DSRP ......................................19 B. Poverty indicators used by development organizations21.........................................20 1. In rural areas : ........................................................................................................20 2. In urban areas ........................................................................................................20 V. GEOGRAPHICAL DELIMITATION OF FOOD INSECURITY IN MADAGASCAR .......21 A. Food insecurity and farming production.....................................................................21 B. Access to food ...........................................................................................................21 C. Food insecurity and exposure to shocks....................................................................22 PART III: STATE POLICY IN MATTER OF REDUCTION OF POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITY .............................................................................................................................24 I. HE MAP (MADAGASCAR ACTION PLAN) ...................................................................25 II. THE NATIONAL PROGRAM OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT .........................................25 A. The National Action Plan for Food Security (PANSA)................................................27 B. Policy Letter for Rural Development (LPDR) .............................................................27 C. Policy letter for Decentralization and Deconcentration (LP2D)..................................27 D. The sectorial policies of the Ministry of Agriculture, Breeding and Fishing (MAEP) ..27 E. The policy of mechanization ......................................................................................28 F. The environmental policy ...........................................................................................28 G. The land policy ..........................................................................................................28 COEF Ressources, Poverty and food security survey – for JICA Madagascar 2 Final report H. The forest policy ........................................................................................................29 I. The code of water and the management policy of water resources............................29 J. The National Strategy of Micro Finance (SNMF)........................................................29 III. THE PLAN OF NATIONAL ACTION FOR FOOD SECURITY (PANSA) .....................29 IV. REGIONAL POLICY OF REDUCTION OF POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITY.........31 A. Policy for the SouthEast Region - province of Fianarantsoa 30 ..................................31 B. Policy for the the region Analanjirofo - province of Toamasina 31 ..............................32 PART IV THE MODES OF INTERVENTION OF THE FINANCIAL BACKERS....................33 I. USAID (UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT)..........34 A. Sector of intervention .................................................................................................34 B. Mode of intervention ..................................................................................................35 C. Action in relation to the struggle against poverty and the food security.....................35 1. Program health, population and nutrition................................................................35 2. The programme environment and rural development ............................................35 D. USAID and Food security ..........................................................................................36 II. AFD (AGENCE FRANCAISE DE DEVELOPPEMENT) 32 .............................................36 A. Secteurs of intervention .............................................................................................37 B. Mode of intervention and budget ...............................................................................37 C. Actions in relation to the struggle against poverty and food security.........................37 1. The rual development.............................................................................................38 2. The environnement.................................................................................................38 3. The supports to the private sector ..........................................................................39 III. WORLD BANK .............................................................................................................39 IV. FAO (FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS) ..39 V. THE WORLD FOOD PROGRAM (PAM).......................................................................40 PART V: EXAMPLES OF ACTION OF ORGANIZATIONS WORKING IN FAVOR OF THE REDUCTION OF POVERTY AND THE FOOD SECURITY ..................................................42 I. AGRONOMES ET VETERINAIRES SANS FRONTIERE (AVSF)..................................43 II. AGRO ACTION AALLEMANDE (AAA).........................................................................43 III. ECO REGIONAL INITIATIVE (ERI)..............................................................................44 PART VI: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF THE SOUTHEAST AND NORTHEAST REGIONS OF MADAGASCAR ............................................................................................46 I. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF THE SOUTH-EAST REGION ................................47 A. Social context.............................................................................................................47 B. The farmers associations...........................................................................................47 C. The development projects .........................................................................................47 D. Economic context ......................................................................................................47 E. Access to the micro-credit..........................................................................................48 F. Particular situation of the commune of Ivandrika .......................................................48 COEF Ressources, Poverty and food security survey – for JICA Madagascar 3 Final report 1. Agriculture...........................................................................................................48 2. Breeding .................................................................................................................48 3. Characteristics of the households ..........................................................................48 4. Discriminative factors .............................................................................................49 II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT IN THE REGION ANALANJIROFO ...........................50 B. The farmers associations...........................................................................................50 C. The development projects .........................................................................................50 D. Economic context ......................................................................................................51 E. The micro-crédit .........................................................................................................51