Descriptions of new Borneo sharks and rays 1 A new wobbegong shark, Orectolobus leptolineatus sp. nov. 2UHFWRORELIRUPHV2UHFWRORELGDH IURPWKH:HVWHUQ&HQWUDO3DFL¿F Peter R. Last, John J. Pogonoski & William T. White CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, AUSTRALIA ABSTRACT.— A new Orectolobus species, collected from the Indo-Malay Archipelago and western North 3DFL¿FLVGHVFULEHGDQG¿JXUHGIURPVSHFLPHQVFROOHFWHGLQHDVWHUQ,QGRQHVLDOrectolobus leptolineatus sp. nov., a medium-sized wobbegong reaching about 120 cm TL, is characterised by a striking colour SDWWHUQRI¿QHYHUPLFXODWLRQVEDQGVVDGGOHVDQGRFHOOL,WKDVEHHQFRQIXVHGZLWKDYHU\VLPLODUFRQJHQHU O. japonicus, from which it differs mainly in morphometrics and coloration, found in the Japanese Archipelago. Species previously referred to as Orectolobus japonicus likely form a complex of very closely UHODWHGZHVWHUQ3DFL¿FVSHFLHVWKDWUHTXLUHIXUWKHUPRUSKRORJLFDODQGPROHFXODUH[DPLQDWLRQWRHOXFLGDWH their taxonomic complexity. Key words: Orectolobus leptolineatus – new species – Orectolobiformes – wobbegong shark – Western &HQWUDO3DFL¿F PDF contact: [email protected] INTRODUCTION females, Goto combined the data of juveniles and adults. Last & Chidlow (2008) demonstrated that wobbegongs Wobbegong sharks (F. Orectolobidae) are represented in FDQ GLVSOD\ VLJQL¿FDQW RQWRJHQHWLF GLIIHUHQFHV ZKLFK WKH ,QGR±3DFL¿F E\ WKUHH JHQHUD DQG YDOLG QRPLQDO can lead to large ranges for morphometric features (e.g. species (Last et al., 2008; Corrigan & Beheregaray, 2009): GRUVDO¿QKHLJKW WKDWFDQEHPLVVHGLIVL]HVRILQGLYLGXDOV Eucrossorhinus dasypogon (Bleeker, 1867); Orectolobus are not taken into account. ÀRULGXV Last & Chidlow, 2008; O. halei Whitley, 1940; O. hutchinsi Last, Chidlow & Compagno, 2006; 6KHQ ¿JXUHG WZR VSHFLHV RI Orectolobus from O. japonicus Regan, 1906; O. maculatus (Bonnaterre, 7DLZDQ DQG DOWKRXJK ERWK LGHQWL¿FDWLRQV DUH QRZ 1788); O. ornatus (De Vis, 1883), O. parvimaculatus incorrect, the presence of two forms in Taiwan is Last & Chidlow, 2008; O. reticulatus Last, Pogonoski FRQ¿UPHG DVVXPLQJ WKH ORFDOLW\ LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU KLV & White, 2008; O. wardi Whitley, 1939; and Sutorectus images is correct. tentaculatus (Peters, 1864). Of these, only O. japonicus, which is widely considered to be widespread in the ,QWKHVNLQRIDQXQLGHQWL¿DEOHZREEHJRQJZLWKD ZHVWHUQ 1RUWK 3DFL¿F LV QRW NQRZQ IURP $XVWUDOLDQ strikingly reticulate colour pattern was collected during waters (Last & Stevens, 2009). a survey of the elasmobranchs of Borneo, funded by the British Darwin Foundation (Manjaji, 2002). More Goto (2008) revised the genus Orectolobus in Japan, recently, complete specimens of similar colour forms concluding that a single species, O. japonicus from the have been collected from the nearby Philippines (as ZHVWHUQ1RUWK3DFL¿FZDVYDOLG+HQRWHGWKDWUHIHUHQFHV O. cf. ornatus: Compagno et al., 2005), Indonesia (as to O. maculatus and O. ornatus in the Japanese literature O. cf. ornatus: White et al., 2006; Corrigan & Beheregaray, ZHUH HUURQHRXV LGHQWL¿FDWLRQV RI O. japonicus. Goto 2009), Borneo (as O. maculatus: Yano et al., 2005), and examined specimens from the main islands of Japan as Taiwan (AMS I 43794–002). Based on genetic studies well as the Okinawa region to the south, but specimens (as O. cf. ornatus: Corrigan & Beheregaray, 2009), the from these two regions comprise two forms that differ new species is distinct from O. ornatus and O. maculatus, in both colour pattern and morphometrics. Subtle ZKLFK DUH RQO\ FRQ¿UPHG IURP$XVWUDOLDQ ZDWHUV7KH morphological variations may have been masked in his QHZVSHFLHVLVGHVFULEHGDQG¿JXUHGEHORZDQGFRPSDUHG paper by combining the data for more than one species. to its closest congeners. In addition, although he separated the data of males from 2 METHODS an additional paratype, Indo-Oz L 154. Tooth row counts, which were taken directly from specimens, were Terminology for external structures and methodology for FRQ¿UPHG E\ GLVVHFWLRQ IURP D SDUDW\SH &6,52 + measurements follows the widely used scheme proposed 5787–01). Dentition terminology is based on Compagno E\&RPSDJQR ZLWKVRPHPRGL¿FDWLRQVLQLWLDWHG (1970, 1979, 1988). Vertebral count terminology follows by Last et al., 2006. Measurements were direct (taken Compagno (1979, 1988); precaudal vertebral counts IURP SRLQW WR SRLQW XQOHVV RWKHUZLVH VSHFL¿HG 7KH were taken to the dorsal-caudal origin; all counts of prenarial length (PRN) was taken almost transversely the new species were taken by the one reader (JJP) to from the middle of the snout tip to the junction of the HQVXUHFRQVLVWHQF\7KHGLVWDOYHUWHEUDHRIWKHFDXGDO¿Q nostril and nasal barbel; intereye (INE) taken rather than in orectolobids are often faint or blurred on radiographs, interorbital distance (INO); mouth width (MOW) taken so accuracy for total vertebral counts is predicted as as the width across the jaws to their outer lateral angles; +/– 1–2 vertebrae. A spiral valve count was performed ventral caudal margin was not subdivided into highly on one paratype (CSIRO H 5787–01) by removing the subjective measurements of the preventral caudal (CPV) valve and dissecting it lengthwise to allow full view of and lower postventral (CPL) margins; and preorbital and the intestinal turns. Two of the authors independently VSLUDFXODU OHQJWKV ZHUH WDNHQ IURP WKH FOHDUO\ GH¿QHG counted the spiral valves and recorded the same value. anterior edges of the eye and spiracle respectively. Measurements and counts were made for the dermal lobe $EEUHYLDWLRQVIRU¿HOGDFFHVVLRQDQGFDWDORJXHQXPEHUV FRQ¿JXUDWLRQV FRQVLVWLQJ RI WZR JURXSV RI SUHRUELWDO follow Leviton et al. (1985): AMS – Australian Museum, lobes and two postspiracular lobes (Last et al., 2006): Sydney; BMNH – British Museum of Natural History, WKH ¿UVW SUHRUELWDO JURXS 32 H[WHQGV IURP QHDU WKH London; CSIRO – Australian National Fish Collection, SRVWHURODWHUDOPDUJLQRIWKHQRVWULOWRWKHHQGRIWKH¿UVW Hobart; HUMZ – Hokkaido University Laboratory of distinct grouping on the snout above the upper jaw; the Marine Zoology, Faculty of Fisheries, The Hokkaido second preorbital group (PO2) extends from just forward University Museum, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan; MZB RIWKHH\H RUQHDUWKHMDZDQJOH WREHORZWKHH\H GLI¿FXOW – Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Jakarta; SMBL to determine the junction between these groups in some – Kyoto University, Seto Marine Biology Laboratory, VSHFLHV WKH¿UVWSRVWVSLUDFXODUJURXS 36 FRQVLVWVRI Wakayama Prefecture, Japan; Indo–Oz – Indonesian a single small lobe below the hind margin of the spiracle; (ODVPREUDQFK3URMHFW¿HOGDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUV VSHFLPHQ the second postspiracular group (PS2) is closer to the to be deposited into either CSIRO or MZB collections in gill slits than the spiracle, and is often rudimentary or the future). simple. Measurements were taken sequentially between points A–F (see Fig. 1 in Last et al., 2006) where A is the origin of the nasal barbel; B the insertion of PO2; C, D Orectolobus leptolineatus sp. nov. the respective origin and insertion of PS1; and E, F the respective origin and insertion of PS2. Figs 1–3, 4a, 5a,b, 6; Table 1 A comprehensive series of measurements were taken ?Orectolobus japonicus (non Regan, 1906): Shen, 1993, 613, for the holotype (MZB 18623) and 5 of the paratypes pl. 3.10 (Taiwan?). (CSIRO H 5787–01, CSIRO H 5787–02, CSIRO H ?Orectolobus cf. ornatus (De Vis, 1883): Compagno et al., 5876–03, CSIRO H 6128–06, CSIRO H 6138–02) of ¿JF &HEX3KLOLSSLQHV Orectolobus cf. ornatus (De Vis, 1883): White et al., 2006, the new species and converted to percentages of total 88–89 (Indonesia); Corrigan & Beheregaray, 2009, 207–209, length (Table 1). In the description, morphometric data ¿JV± for the holotype are provided followed by ranges for the Orectolobus maculatus (non Bonnaterre, 1788): Pickell & 5 measured paratypes in parentheses. Additional ratios Siagian, 2000, 114–115, 120 (Bali, Indonesia); Yano et al., of selected measurements are included in the species LQSDUW6DUDZDN¿JXUH ±SO description. Morphometrics on Japanese specimens (HUMZ & BMNH) were taken during the senior author’s Holotype. MZB 18623, adult male 887 mm TL, visit to those institutions in 2001 and 2009 respectively; .HGRQJDQDQ¿VKPDUNHW%DOL,QGRQHVLDFDƍ6 morphometrics on specimens in the CSIRO Australian ƍ($SU National Fish Collection were taken by JP in 2009–2010 Paratypes. 11 specimens: CSIRO H 5787–01, adult DIWHUVWULFWFRQ¿UPDWLRQRIPHWKRGRORJ\ZLWKWKHVHQLRU male 1000 mm TL, CSIRO H 5787–02, adult male author. Not all measurements were taken on the HUMZ PP7/7DQMXQJ/XDU¿VKPDUNHWVRXWKHDVWFRDVW specimens; these are excluded from Table 1. Counts of RI/RPERN,QGRQHVLDFDƍ6ƍ(-XO monospondylous, diplospondylous, and total centra 2001; CSIRO H 5876–03, female 992 mm TL, Tanjung were obtained from radiographs for the holotype (MZB /XDU¿VKPDUNHWVRXWKHDVWFRDVWRI/RPERN,QGRQHVLD 18623) and 7 paratypes (CSIRO H 5787–01, CSIRO FDƍ6ƍ(-XQ&6,52+± H 5787–02, CSIRO H 5876–03, CSIRO H 6128–06, IHPDOHPP7/.HGRQJDQDQ¿VKPDUNHWVRXWKZHVW CSIRO H 6138–02 and H 6446–03, 2 embryos). Dermal FRDVWRI%DOL,QGRQHVLDFDƍ6ƍ(2FW lobe counts were taken for the above specimens plus 2002; CSIRO H 6138–02, adult male 930 mm TL, MZB Descriptions of new Borneo sharks and rays 3 A B C Figure 1. Orectolobus leptolineatus sp. nov., adult male holotype (MZB 18623, 887 mm TL, preserved): A. lateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view of head. 4 DGXOWPDOHPP7/7DQMXQJ/XDU¿VKPDUNHW truncate to broadly convex in dorsoventral view; slightly VRXWKHDVW FRDVW RI /RPERN ,QGRQHVLD FD ƍ 6 expanded above nostrils