Quart URBAN MICRO COMMUTER - Master Thesis - Yujin Kim Umeå University MA Transportation Design 2013 Acknowledgments Program Leader: Demian Horst Program Tutor: Ingrid Nilsson External Exam Advisor: Anne Asensio First and foremost, I would like to thank to Demian Horst, Ingrid Nilsson, Tony Catignani. I wish to thanks Lars Isaksson, Workshop Technician of Umea Institute of Design, for the model. My classmates, Anton Garland, Erik Evers, Alexandra Ciobanu, Rickard Hansson, Richard Stark, Casey Phua, Louise McCallum and Yong-fei Han. They have always inspired me greatly with works in thesis project and feedback on my work. An honorable mention goes to my family and friends in Korea Umea Institute of Design - Umea University for their understandings and supports on me in commpleting MA Transportation Design 2013 this project. Degree Project Report by Yujin Kim Without helps of the particular that mentioned above, I would [email protected] face many di!culties while doing this project. (Sweden) +46 70 602 0982 (S.Korea) +82 70 8222 6631 Thank you. Contents ABSTRACT 6 First Ideation 57 INTRODUCTION 8 Ideation for Proportions Direction 1 First Thoughts Direction 2 Sustainability in a city Sketch Development 69 Goals & Wishes Side Development Wheel Cover Ideation METHOD 10 Front Development Research 13 Rear Development Top View Global Urbanization Interior Ideation Drives Alone Urban Transportation Development with Clay 83 Urban Micro Commuter Package Reference Check Package Future Scenario Refining Users Split-lines Study Brand and Product Analysis 31 Front-end Refining Check from Di"erent Perspective Why BMW? Front-end Detail Refinement History BMW Features 3D-Scanning 98 Evolved CAD Modelling 100 Concept 38 RESULT 103 Attributes Parking Situation Scenario Premium Downsizing Application to urban background Inspiration & Technology 44 REFLECTIONS 129 Mood Board Wireless Charging System REFERENCES & CONCLUSIONS 130 Lithium-air Battery APPENDICES 132 Road Train Autonomous Parking Schedule Active Wheel Laser Light Solar Glass Electrochromic Glass & Film 4 5 On a rational level, everyone knows that zero-emissions is probably a good thing. If you ask a man if the street he says, “Yes, that’s good”, but if you ask if whether he’s going to buy one he’ll say, “I don’t know, it depends what it looks like”. That’s the story, so it’s our job to make sure that it looks desirable and that people will want it. One day it will be normal. Abstract Adrian van Hooydonk, vice-president of BMW Nowadays, one of strong trends is globalization all over the world. That is not a surprising issue anymore and still going on. Furthermore, since many of people are gathering in cities to get jobs and live in convenience, the urban areas are growing wider and more crowded constantly. This fact automatically makes transportation usages and buildings increase. In this environment, the city o"ers some of public transportations and infrastructures to make citizen transport e!ciently. But, lots of people are still driving by private cars despite rising fuel costs. So, tra!c jam, lack of parking space and waste of resource are getting serious. If we look around a city, there are many drivers going to work alone by a big commuter. It is a crucial cause of these issues. It aims to create a suitable personal commuter for primarily single drivers, with fascinating look despite its compact size. That will catch the eyes of people, and then make them desire it. 6 7 INTRODUCTION Sustainability in a City First Thought As a trend, Sustainability has become a necessary part My initial ideas for this project began with living in Seoul where I have to move forward. The word of Sustainability sounds lived. Over 10 million citizens (10,529,000 by 2011) are living in mega healthy, but also sometimes still makes us feel di!cult, city Seoul, and the number is still on the increase. As a result of the high boring, uncomfortable and expensive. We need to look population density, a tra!c jam during rush hour became natural. In at that without burdens. The sustainability is based addition, People driving to work alone are still increasing. These make on proper use. When I looked around, a lot of people the tra!c condition getting worse and people exhausted. And also, the are driving to work alone with a too big car for just transportation energy consumption increase. It is having a bad influence one person. If they use an appropriate car in size and on the city environment. Furthermore, when people take a car out, they weight, the energy consumption will naturally decrease. are always worrying about parking. I do not think that is only Seoul with Furthermore, as many of technologies are consistently these problems. For urbanization all of the world, megacities and fast developing with a eco-friendly direction, we will be able growing cities have the same issues. Therefore, this project is to propose to use the technologies easily for our environment, and a suitable vehicle to a commute in a megacity. we will feel free. Goals & Wishes Sustainable products are necessary for the future. But, it is not easy to choose those e"ectively. And someone says “next time”. Sometimes I also still hesitate to buy those if there are no attractive looks and inconvenience in city life. And especially in vehicle field, the small size is useful for urban driving, but also makes us conscious of how I look with that. I argue those are why designers are being. So, I aim to create a smart concept, for city life, with fascinating look despite a compact size. That will catch the eyes of people, and then make them be persuaded by itself. This project is my last project at UID and also the trigger to be a professional designer. I want my design to inspire people to achieve our positive future. 8 9 Research By observing the current urban tra!c issues, the research is Method geared towards designing of the solutions for the future urban Research Brand environment. Using user-test methods provides opportunity to explore size, Brand ergonomic layout and proportion of the commuter. A suitable brand is chosen through a solid research, and the value of the new vehicle is increased by studying and applying the The outcome should be an suitable vehicle created for the chosen brand’s identity. BMW brand. The project should be a 3D representation of my research. Inspiration Concept Concept & Technology Through the process of research and choosing the appropriate brand, a new innovative vehicular architecture and solutions for the cities facing issues caused by the accelerating global urbanization are presented. Moreover, the new vehicle embraces the heritage and identity of the brand, satisfying the needs of the market. Inspiration & Technology Ideation Mood-boards are developed in order to study the upcoming & Development technologies. Applicable technologies are selected to realize and embody the concept. Ideation & Development Sketches are developed based on the collected data and images from the previous processes. Volumes are validated by a clay 3D-Scanning model which is developed from the sketches. Also, the size, & CAD modeling ergonomics, layout and proportions are further modified on the clay after the user-testing process. 3D-Scanning & CAD modeling After scanning the completed clay model, final design details of the concept are realized in the CAD modelling stage. Result Result Using the rendered images of the CAD data, scenarios in contextual environments along with final materials are realized. 10 11 RESEARCH & UNDERSTANDING Global Urbanization For years, many of people have moved to cities, to projected to see its urban population increase by 1.4 get a job or live in the more convenient environment, billion. As a result, the number of cars is rising. The to give their children better educations and so buildings are being taller and crowded. These make on. For these reasons, the urban population has the city system stronger and various. But also those been growing. Between 2011 and 2050, the world cause di!culties of city life. A tra!c jam even in population is expected to increase by 2.3 billion, daytime, a lack of parking spaces, air pollution and an passing from 7.0 billion to 9.3 billion. At the same time, increase of living cost would not be what the citizen the population living in urban areas is projected to wants. This trend is speeding up constantly in the gain 2.6 billion, passing from 3.6 billion in 2011 to 6.3 world, especially in Asia. Why this is getting a serious billion 2050. During the period, the population living issue is that will be even heavier. in urban areas is expected to increase more than the world population increase number at the same time. The urbanization is an extremely strong stream of 3 out of 5 people in 2030 and 70% of people in 2050 times. That will accompany problems. But also that will live in cities. Thus, the urban areas of the world will be an opportunity to improve the future urban life. are expected to absorb all the population growth expected over the next four decades while at the same time drawing in some of the rural population. Most of the population growth expected in urban areas will be concentrated in the cities and towns of the less developed regions. Asia, in particular, is 12 13 Drives Alone Why? Private automobiles o"er and because of di!culties in public transportation. safety, security, comfort, convenience, utility, freedom of route and schedule... People driving to work alone are still increasing. inconvenient inflexible schedules In the U.S. Census Bureau 2009, Among American workers 16 years and over, 86.1 % commuted in a car, truck, or van in 2009, and 76.1% drove to work alone.