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Klickitat Subbasin Anadromous Fishery Master Plan Prepared for Northwest Power Planning & Conservation Council Prepared by Yakama Nation in cooperation with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife December 2004 Klickitat Subbasin Anadromous Fishery Master Plan Prepared by Yakama Nation in cooperation with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife December 2004 Principal preparers William Bosch, Yakama Nation William Sharp, Yakama Nation William Conley, Yakama Nation Joseph Zendt, Yakama Nation Judith Woodward, Crossing Borders Communications Contributors John Easterbrooks, WDFW Ted Anderson, WDFW Jefferson Spencer, YN John Weinheimer, WDFW Anne Marshall, WDFW Chris Frederiksen, YN Ron Ballard, WDFW James Shaklee, WDFW David Fast, YN Greg Ferguson, Sea Springs Co. Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project, Melvin R. Sampson, Policy Advisor/Project Coordinator P.O. Box 151 Toppenish, Washington Cover Photo: Fall Chinook at Lyle Falls, Klickitat River Courtesy of Les Brown, CRITFC Salmon Marketing Program Table of Contents Where to Find NPPCC Review Elements in this Plan............................................... vii Chapter 1. Background................................................................................................ 1 1.1 How This Plan is Organized ................................................................................. 1 1.2 Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project......................................................................... 2 1.3 History of Fishery Programs in the Klickitat Subbasin .......................................... 2 Chapter 2. Summary of Goals, Objectives, and Strategies ...................................... 5 2.1 Multi-Species Goal, Objectives, and Strategies.................................................... 6 2.2 Species-Specific Goals, Objectives, and Strategies ........................................... 10 2.2.1 Klickitat spring chinook.............................................................................................................10 2.2.2 Klickitat winter and summer steelhead.....................................................................................12 2.2.3 Klickitat coho ............................................................................................................................12 2.2.4 Klickitat fall chinook ..................................................................................................................13 2.2.5 Pacific lamprey .........................................................................................................................14 2.3 Habitat Improvement Goal and Objectives ......................................................... 14 Chapter 3. Existing Environment.............................................................................. 15 3.1 The Historical and Current Status of Anadromous and Resident Fish in the Subbasin ............................................................................................................ 15 3.1.1 Spring chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)..........................................................................15 3.1.2 Steelhead (summer and winter) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ........................................................19 3.1.3 Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch)..................................................................................................22 3.1.4 Fall chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)...............................................................................24 3.1.5 Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) ......................................................................................27 3.2 Other Anadromous and Resident Fish in the Basin............................................ 27 3.2.1 Summer chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).......................................................................27 3.2.2 Resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).......................................................................27 3.2.3 Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)............................................................................................28 3.2.4 Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) ......................................................................................29 3.2.5 Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).............................................................................................29 3.3 Review of Habitat Quality ................................................................................... 29 3.3.1 Historic conditions ....................................................................................................................29 3.3.2 Existing conditions....................................................................................................................30 3.3.3 Relationship of implementation strategies to current Klickitat subbasin habitat conditions.....32 Chapter 4. Multi-Species Proposed Actions and Risks .......................................... 34 4.1 Objective MS1 Methods and Risks ..................................................................... 34 4.2 Objective MS2 Methods and Risks ..................................................................... 36 Klickitat Anadromous Fishery Master Plan i Chapter 5. Spring Chinook Proposed Actions and Risks....................................... 46 5.1 Objective SC1 Methods and Risks ..................................................................... 47 5.2 Objective SC2 Methods and Risks ..................................................................... 50 5.3 Objective SC3 Methods and Risks ..................................................................... 54 5.4 Objective SC4 Methods and Risks ..................................................................... 59 5.5 Objective SC5 Methods and Risks ..................................................................... 63 5.6 Objective SC6 Methods and Risks ..................................................................... 63 Chapter 6. Steelhead Proposed Actions and Risks ................................................ 66 6.1 Objective S1 Methods and Risks........................................................................ 66 6.2 Objective S2 Methods and Risks........................................................................ 71 Chapter 7. Coho Proposed Actions and Risks ........................................................ 74 7.1 Objective C1 Methods and Risks........................................................................ 74 7.2 Objective C2 Methods and Risks........................................................................ 76 7.3 Objective C3 Methods and Risks........................................................................ 77 7.4 Objective C4 Methods and Risks........................................................................ 78 Chapter 8. Fall Chinook Proposed Actions and Risks............................................ 81 8.1 Objective FC1 Methods and Risks...................................................................... 81 8.2 Objective FC2 Methods and Risks...................................................................... 82 8.3 Objective FC3 Methods and Risks...................................................................... 83 Chapter 9. Lamprey Proposed Actions and Risks .................................................. 85 9.1 Objective L1 Methods and Risks ........................................................................ 85 Chapter 10. Proposed Habitat Actions and Risks ................................................... 86 10.1 Objective H1 Methods and Risks...................................................................... 88 10.2 Objective H2 Methods and Risks...................................................................... 89 10.3 Objective H3 Methods and Risks...................................................................... 89 10.4 Objective H4 Methods and Risks...................................................................... 92 Chapter 11. References ............................................................................................. 93 ii Klickitat Anadromous Fishery Master Plan Appendix A. Cost Estimates ..................................................................................... 97 I. Introduction.......................................................................................................... 100 2. Summary of Cost Estimates ............................................................................... 101 3. Operating Costs.................................................................................................. 102 4. Lyle Falls Ladder and Trap Construction ............................................................ 105 5. Klickitat Hatchery Improvements ........................................................................ 105 6. McCreedy Creek Acclimation Site Construction ................................................. 106 7. Wahkiacus Hatchery & Acclimation Facility Construction ................................... 107 8. Capital Expense Measure Priorities.................................................................... 108 9. References ......................................................................................................... 109 Appendix B. Ongoing Facility