MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING OVERVIEW AND APPLICATION IN FERRY FREE E39 Razieh Amiri Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) Submission date: June 2016 Supervisor: Anne Barros, IPK Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Production and Quality Engineering MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING OVERVIEW AND APPLICATION IN “FERRY FREE E39” Supervisor: Professor Anne Barros Author: Razieh Amiri Department of Production and Quality Engineering JUNE 2016 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway PREFACE This project has been written towards the fulfillment of the Master degree in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) program in Production and Quality Engineering department at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in spring 2016. This report is targeted for readers with fundamental knowledge on reliability, maintenance and safety knowledge. It is assumed to have a relative familiarity with concepts such as risk, reliability and maintenance activities. Trondheim 10.06.2016 Razieh Amiri I 1 II 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to appreciate my dear supervisor, Anne Barros for continuous supervision, supports and valuable comments regarding the project. Her help facilitate me to be able to make this happen. My sincere thanks to Hai Canh Vu for the valuable help in clarifying the doubts. I extend my heartfelt thanks to my family for their immense support throughout my Master degree course and also to my boyfriend Sina for his encouragement and motivation. III 1 IV 1 SUMMARY This report focuses on the maintenance activities in civil engineering considering the used case “Bjørnafjorden” as a part of “Ferry Free E39” project. Civil engineering is one of the oldest sectors in engineering, and its importance has been increasing in the last decades because of the advancement in modern civilization. Furthermore, maintenance activities have always been an integral part of civil industries. Especially in the large scale projects like “Bjørnafjorden”, the role of maintenance will be more crucial and vital due to the fact that even a slight fault in a small component can lead to a loss of millions of money. Based on this purpose, first classical and Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM) methods are presented as the maintenance strategies that are used in civil engineering. Classical maintenance strategies, which are preventive-policy based, are categorized as on-demand and periodical types. The maintenance intervals used in these strategies are claimed based on the reliability-based method considering the influencing factors on the structures. Furthermore, Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM) method, as another maintenance strategy, assesses the maintenance intervals considering the level of risks in the structures. The risk value in this method can be claimed based on the experts’ judgments and condition assessment data. Further, “Bjørnafjorden” is a part of “Ferry Free E39” project. The unique characteristics of this fjord make this project very huge. SVV (Statens Vegvesen) suggested three concepts as the possible solutions to this project: 1) Floating bridge (FB), 2) suspension bridge supported by tension leg platform (TLP), and 3) submerged floating tunnel bridge (SFTB). In order to assess the maintenance performance in these three concepts, qualitative comparison and sustainability- based methods are presented as the two maintenance strategies that can be used in the new bridge concepts. The main criteria in qualitative comparison methods are introduced as maintainability and maintenance-related risks. Further, in sustainability-based method, the maintenance performance can be analyzed by the sustainability score. The presented strategies can provide SVV with some inputs to make decision and choose an appropriate concept regarding the maintenance. Key words: Maintenance, Bridge Structures, Risk, Reliability V 1 VI 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AHP Analytical Hierarchical Process CF Consequence Factor FB Floating Bridge FORM The First Order Reliability Method IOM Inspection, Operation and Maintenance IPN Inspection Priority Number LCC Life Cycle Cost MMO Maintenance, Modification and Operation OF Occurrence Factor RAP Reliability Assessment Panel RBI Risk-Based Inspection RBM Risk-Based Maintenance RSM Response Surface Method SFTB Submerged Floating Tunnel Bridge SORM The Second Order Reliability Method SuBETool Sustainable Build Environment Tool SVV Statens Vegvesen TLP Suspension Bridge Supported by Tension Leg Platform VII 1 VIII 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .................................................................................................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................ III SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. VII 1 CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................... 3 1.3 LIMITATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 THE REPORT STRUCTURE ................................................................................................ 4 2 CHAPTER-2 BASIC DEFINITIONS ............................................................................... 6 2.1 RELIABILITY ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 FAILURE ................................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 SAFETY .................................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 LIMIT STATES ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 DURABILITY ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.6 SERVICEABILITY ................................................................................................................ 9 2.7 MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................. 10 3 CHAPTER-3 MAINTENANCE METHODS IN BRIDGE STRUCTURES .................. 11 3.1 CLASSICAL MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES .................................................................. 11 IX 1 3.2 RISK-BASED MAINTENANCE (RBM) METHOD .......................................................... 14 3.2.1 RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT PANEL (RAP) ............................................................ 17 3.2.1 CONDITION ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................ 18 4 CHAPTER-4 PROPOSED APPROACHES FOR THE PROJECT: FERRY FREE E39 21 4.1 FLOATING BRIDGE (FB) .................................................................................................. 21 4.1.1 PROPOSED MAINTENANCE STRATEGY ................................................................ 23 4.1.1.1 MOORING/ANCHORS ............................................................................................. 24 4.1.1.1.1 IOM STRATEGY ................................................................................................. 24 4.1.1.1.2 EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED IOM STRATEGY .................................. 25 4.1.1.1.3 OPTIMIZATION RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 26 4.1.1.2 CONCRETE................................................................................................................ 26 4.1.1.2.1 IOM STRATEGY ................................................................................................. 26 4.1.1.2.2 EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED IOM STRATEGY .................................. 27 4.1.1.2.3 OPTIMIZATION RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 28 4.1.1.3 STEEL ......................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.1.3.1 IOM STRATEGY ................................................................................................. 28 4.1.1.3.2 EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED IOM STRATEGY .................................. 34 4.1.1.3.3 OPTIMIZATION RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 34 4.1.2 DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................................................... 35 4.2 SUSPENSION BRIDGE SUPPORTED BY TENSION LEG PLATFORM (TLP) ............. 36 4.2.1 PROPOSED MAINTENANCE STRATEGY ................................................................ 38 4.2.2 DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................................................... 39 X 1 4.3 SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL BRIDGE (SFTB) ................................................... 40 4.3.1 PROPOSED MAINTENANCE STRATEGY ...............................................................