ts '6 r MSC-PA-R-6�1-15� NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATIOtool 1.0 .-4 . I co ..0 I "' APOLLO 7 MISSION REPORT 0:: .. ' I < Q. I u (/) "-- :::2: DISTRIBUTION AND REFERENCING Thls paper ia not suitable for general distribution referencing. It may be referenced � only In other working correapondence and document• by -participating organizations. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER HOUSTON,TEXAS DECEMBER 1968 APOLLO SPACECRAFT FLIGHT HISTORY Mission S;Eacecraft Description Launch date Launch site PA-l BP-6 First pad abort Nov. 1963 White Sands 7, Missile Range, N. Mex. - A-001 BP-12 Transonic abort May 13, 1964 White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-101 BP-13 Nominal launch and May 28, 1964 Cape Kennedy, exit environment Fla. AS-102 BP-15 Nominal launch and Sept • 18, 1964 Cape Kennedy, exit environment Fla. A-002 BP-23 Maximum dynamic Dec. 8, 1964 White Sands pressure abort Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-103 BP-16 Micrometeoroid Feb. 16, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment Fla. A-003 BP-22 Low-altitude abort May 19, 1965 White Sands (planned high- Missile Range, altitude abort) N. Mex. -� AS-104 BP-26 Micrometeoroid May 25, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment and Fla. service module RCS launch environment PA-2 BP-23A Second pad abort June 29, 1965 White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-105 BP-9A Micrometeoroid July 30, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment and Fla. service module RCS launch environment A-004 SC-002 Power-on Jan. 20, 1966 Sands tumbling White boundary abort Missile Range, N. Mex. SC-009 Feb. 26, 1966 Cape Kennedy, AS-201 Supercirculai- entry with high Fla. � heat rate AS-202 SC-011 Supercircular Aug. 25, 1966 Cape Kennedy, entry with high Fla. heat load (Continued inside back cover) / MSC-PA-R-68-15 APOLLO 7 MISSION REPORT PREPARED BY Apollo 7 Mission Evaluation Team APPROVED BY <��George M.... Low 4.w-- Manager Apollo Spacecraft Program NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS TRATION MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER HOUSTON, TEXAS December 1968 Apollo 7 lift-off . iii CONTENTS Sect ion Page SUMMARY l-1 1.0 2.0 MISSION DESCRIPTION :2-1 3.0 TRAJECTORY . 3-1 3.1 LAUNCH 3-1 3.2 EARTH ORBI T 3-2 3.2.1 Rendezvous Maneuvers 3-2 3.2.2 Servi ce Propuls ion Maneuvers 3-3 3.3 ENTRY 3-5 3.4 S-IVB AND SERVICE MODULE ENTRY 3-5 4.0 LAUNCH VEHICLE PERFORMANCE SUMMARY . ��-1 5.0 COMMAND AND SERVICE MODUL E PERFORMANCE �5-l 5.1 STRUCTURES .........•. �5-l 5 .1.1 Structural Loads Analysis �5-l 5 .1.2 Vibration 5-2 5.2 AERODYNAMI CS .. �5-16 5.3 THERMAL CONTROL �5-20 5.4 THERMAL PROTECTION 5-24 5.5 EARTH LANDING 5-37 5.6 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS �5-37 5.7 ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUT ION 5-38 iv Section Page 5.8 FUEL CELLS AND BATTERIES 5-39 5.8.1 Fuel Cells 5-39 5.8.2 Batteries 5-40 5.9 CRYOGENICS 5-55 5.10 SEQUENTIAL 5-64 5.11 PYROTECHNIC DEVICES 5-64 5 .12 LAUNCH ESCAPE 5-64 5.13 EME RGENCY DETECTION 5-64 5.14 COMMUNICATIONS . 5-64 5.14.1 Command and Servi ce Module Equipment • . • 5-65 5.14.2 Command and Service Module/Manned Space Flight Network . • • • . 5-66 5.14.3 Spacecraft/Apollo Range Instrumentation Aircraft 5-68 5.15 INSTRUMENTATION 5-89 5.15.1 Operational Instrumentation 5-89 5.15.2 Flight Qualification Instrumentation 5-89 5.16 GUIDANCE , NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL SYSTEMS 5-92 5.16.1 Mission Related Performance 5-93 5.16.2 Gu idance and Navigation System Performance . • . 5-101 Stabili zation and Control System Performance 5-103 5.16.4 Entry Monitor System ...... 5-103 v Section Page 5.17 REACTION CONTROL SYSTEMS 5-149 Service Module Reaction Control System . • • • • . • • • . 5-149 Command Modu le Reaction Control System 5-150 5.18 SERVICE PROPULSION 5-158 5.18.1 Engine Performance 5-158 5.18.2 Propellant Ut ili zation and Gaging System ..... 5-159 5.18.3 Propellant Thermal Control 5-159 5.19 CREW SYSTEMS .•• 5-168 5.19.1 Pressure Suit and Cabin Circuits 5-168 5.19.2 Oxy gen Distribution Circuit 5-169 5 .19.3 Thermal Control System 5-170 5.19.4 Water Management 5-171 5.19 .5 Waste Management 5-172 5.19.6 Postlanding Ventilation 5-173 5 .20 CREW STATION . 5-183 5.20.1 Crew Provisions 5-183 5.20 .2 Displays and Controls 5-185 5.20.3 Windows 5-185 5.20.4 Lighting 5-185 5 .20. 5 Equipment Stowage 5-186 5.20.6 Intravehicular Activity 5-186 vi Se ct ion Page 5.21 CONSUMABLES 5-186 5 .21.1 Servi ce Propulsion System Propellants 5-186 5 .21.2 Re action Control System Propellants 5-187 5 .21. 3 Cryogenics 5-188 5.21.4 Water 5-189 6.0 FLIGHT 6-l CREW 6.1 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE 6-l 6 .1.1 Training . •. 6-l 6.1.2 Flight Act ivities 6-l 6.1.3 Human Factors 6-4 6.1.4 Operat ional Equipment Evaluat ion 6-4 6.2 FLIGHT CREW REPORT ••••.. 6-21 6.2.1 Mission Des cription 6-21 6.2.2 Systems Operation 6-23 BIOMEDICAL EVALUAT ION 7-l ---- INFLIGHT 7-l 7.1.1 Bi oinstrumentation Performance 7-l Physiological Data • 7-2 Me di cal Obs ervati ons 7-3 7.1.4 Oxygen Enrichment Procedure 7-6 PHYS ICAL EXAMINATIONS 7-6 vii Section Page 8.0 MISSION SUPPORT PERFORMAN CE 8-1 8.1 FLIGHT CONTROL . 8-1 8.1.1 Prelaunch Operations 8-1 8.1. 2 Powered Flight 8-1 8.1. 3 OrbitaJ. 8-2 8.1.4 Entry Phase 8-9 8.2 NETWORK 8-10 8.3 RECOVERY OPERATIONS 8-11 8.3.1 Landing Areas and Recovery Force Deployment . 8-11 . 8.3.2 Command Module Location and RetrievaJ. 8-11 8.3.3 Direction Finding Equipment 8-13 8.3.4 Command Module Postrecovery Inspection 8-14 8.3.5 Command Module Deactivation 8-15 9.0 EXPERIMENTS 9-1 9.1 EXPERIMENT S005 -SYNOPTIC TERRAIN PH0rOGRAPHY . • 9-2 9.2 EXPERIMENT S006 -SYNOPTIC WEATHER PHOTOGRAPHY . 9-11 10.0 ASSESSMENT OF MISSION OBJECTIVES 10-1 10.1 GUIDAN CE AND NAVIGATION ATTITUDE CONTROL Pl.l2 • • 10-1 ( ) 10.2 MID COURSE NAVIGATION P1.15 10-2 ( ) viii Section Page 10.3 STABILIZATION AND CONTROL ATTITUDE DRIFT CHECKS (P2. 7) ••••• 10-2 10.4 SEXTANT/HORIZON SIGHTINGS 10-3 11.0 ANOMALY SUMMARY 11-1 11.1 LOSS OF S-BAND SUBCARRIERS 11-1 11.2 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 11-2 11.3 WATER GUN TRIGGER STICKING 11-2 11.4 SHIFT ON FLIGHT DIRECTOR ATTITUDE INDICATOR 11-3 11.5 MOMENTARY FAILURE OF ROTATION HAND CONTROLLER . 11-3 11.6 ENTRY MONITOR SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS 11-4 11.7 ADAPTER PANEL DEPLOYMENT . 11-5 11.8 COMMAND MODULE WINDOW FOGGING 11-6 11.9 FLIGHT QUALIFICATION COMMUTATOR FAILURE 11-6 11.10 WATER NEAR WASTE WATER DISCONNECT 11-7 11.11 MOMENTARY LOSS OF AC BUSES 11-7 11.12 BATTERY CHft�GING . .- 11-8 11.13 UNDERVOLTAGE INDICATION ON DC BUSES A AND B 11-8 11.14 FUEL CELL EXIT TEMPERATURE INCREASE 11-9 11.15 INADVERrENT PROPELLANT ISOLATION VALVE SWITCHING . 11-9 11.16 VOICE COMMUNICATIONS DURING LAUNCH PHASE 11-10 11.17 ERRATIC OPERATION OF WATER EVAPORATOR 11-11 11.18 CONDENSATION IN CABIN . .- . 11-11 ix Section Page 11.1_?) FOOD ...... 11-11 11.20 BATTERY MANIFOLD LEAK 11-12 11.21 FAILED FLOODLIGHTS .. 11-12 11.22 CRACKED GLASS ON MISSION EVENT TIMER 11-12 11.23 WATER IN DOCKING TUNNEL 11-13 11.24 VHF RECOVERY BEACON OPERATION 11-13 11.25 APPARENT FREE WATER IN SUIT SUPPLY HOSE 11-13 11. 26 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE PROBLEMS 11-14 12.0 CONCLUSIONS 12-1 APPENDIX A SPACE VEHICLE DESCRIPTION . A-1 A.l COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULES A.3 A.l.l Structures .... A-3 A.l.2 Emergency Detecting System A-4 A.l.3 Sequential Events Control System A-4 A.l.4 Communications System A-5 A.l.5 Environmental Control System A-6 A.l.6 Guidance and Control System A-7 A.l.7 Electrical Power System A-9 A.l.8 Service Propulsion System A-ll A.l.9 Reaction Control Systems A-ll A.l.lO Instrumentation System . A-12 X Section Page A.l.ll Pyrotechnics A-14 A.l.12 Crew Provisions A-15 A.l.l3 Recovery System A-17 A.2 LAUNCH ESCAPE SYSTEM ... A-41 A.3 SPACECRAFT/LAUNCH-VEHICLE ADAPTER A-43 A.4 LAUNCH VEHICLE . A-44 A.4.1 S-IB Stage A-44 • A.4.2 S-IVB Stage A-44 A.4.3 Instrument Unit A-45 A.5 MASS PROPERTIES . A-46 • APPENDIX B SPACECRAFT HISTORY . • . , . • . , . • . • B-1 APPENDIX C POSTFLIGHT TESTING . C-1 APPENDIX D - DATA AVAILABILITY . • . D-1 xi TABLES Table Page 2-I SEQUENCE OF EVENTS . 2- 3 2-II ORBITAL ELEMENTS BEFORE AND AFTER MANEUVERS 2-5 ,- 3-I DEFINITION OF TRAJECTORY AND ORBITAL PARAMETERS . • . • . 3-7 3-II TRAJECTORY PARAMETERS FOR LAUNCH AND PARKING ORBIT . • . 3-8 3-III TRAJ ECTORY PARAME TERS FOR MANEUV ERS 3-ll 3-IV RENDEZVOUS MANEUVERS . 3-1 8 3-V SERVICE PROPULSION MANEUVERS 3-19 3-VI TRAJECTORY PA RAMETERS FOR ENTRY 3-20 5.1-I MAXIMU M SPACECRAFT LOADS AT LIFT-OFF 5·-4 5.1-II SPACECRAFT LOADS AT MAXIMUM • 5·-4 qa 5 .1 -III SPACECRAFT LOADS AT END OF FIRST STAGE MAXIMUM BOO ST • .