Ridership Updation on Kochi Metro and Impact on Pollutants Final Report DISCLAIMER “The present study cannot be construed and be substituted as an investment grade study to secure project financing. Professional practices and available procedures were used in the development of the study findings. However, there is considerable uncertainty inherent in future traffic prediction and reduction in carbon emission forecasts for any Mass transport facility due its dependence on future planning assumptions and master plan predictions. These differences could be material. It should be recognized that traffic and revenue forecasts in this document are intended to reflect the overall estimated long-term trend and not for year on year comparison as for any given year, it may vary due to economic conditions and other factors. The report and its contents are confidential and intended solely for use for the study project. Any use by third parties for use or for publication without the express written consent of CDM Smith is prohibited. CDM Smith i Kochi Metro Rail Ltd. Ridership Updation on Kochi Metro and Impact on Pollutants Final Report LIST OF ACRONYMS LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas GDP: Gross Domestic Product KMRL: Kochi Metro Rail Limited GCDA: Greater Cochin Development Authority IT: Information technology VOC: Vehicle Operation Cost VOT: Value of Time FACT: Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited TELK: Transformers and Electricals Kerala Limited NH: National Highway KSRTC: Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation JNNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission IPT: Intermediate Public Transport CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas ICTA: Institute for counselling and Transactional Analysis JLN: Jawahar Lal Nehru KSEB: Kerala State Electricity Board CUSAT: Cochin University of Science and Technology MG: Mahatma Gandhi Road ICT: International Container Terminal SA: Sahodaran Ayyappan Road RBI: Reserve bank of India HMT: Hindustan Machine Tools LIC: Life Insurance Corporation of India DPR: Detailed Project Report LCV: Light Commercial Vehicles PCU: Passenger car unit IRC: Indian Roads Congress KMPH: Kilometers Per Hour PIA: Project Influence Area CDM Smith ii Kochi Metro Rail Ltd. Ridership Updation on Kochi Metro and Impact on Pollutants Final Report CONTENTS 1. CHAPTER ................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF WORK ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 ORGANISATION OF REPORT .......................................................................................................................... 4 2. CHAPTER ................................................................................................................................................. 5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 GENERAL APPROACH ................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 STUDY METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 5 3. CHAPTER ................................................................................................................................................ 8 CITY-PROFILE ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 3.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................. 8 3.1.1 CITY STRUCTURE AND DEMOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................. 8 3.1.2 NO OF SCHOOLS IN ERNAKULUM DISTRICT ..................................................................................................... 13 3.1.3 LAND USE ............................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.4 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN ERNAKULUM ......................................................................................................... 16 3.2 SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES ......................................................................................................................... 17 3.3 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ..................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.1 ROAD NETWORK ...................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.2 PUBLIC TRANSPORT ................................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.3 AIRPORT ................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.3.4 FERRY TERMINAL ...................................................................................................................................... 21 3.3.5 RAILWAY ................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.3.6 INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT .............................................................................................................. 22 3.4 PARKING DEMAND .................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.1 VEHICLE REGISTRATION .............................................................................................................................. 23 3.5 ACCIDENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 25 3.6 FUEL EFFICIENCY DETAILS ........................................................................................................................... 26 3.7 AIR POLLUTION ........................................................................................................................................ 27 4. CHAPTER .............................................................................................................................................. 30 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................... 30 4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 30 4.2 PRIMARY TRAFFIC SURVEYS & RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 30 4.2.1 ROAD INVENTORY SURVEY .......................................................................................................................... 33 4.2.2 SPEED AND DELAY..................................................................................................................................... 41 4.3 TRAFFIC AND TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................ 47 4.3.1 MIDBLOCK FLOWS .................................................................................................................................... 47 4.3.2 SCREEN LINE FLOWS .................................................................................................................................. 53 4.3.3 CORDON COUNT AND ROADSIDE INTERVIEW SURVEYS ..................................................................................... 54 4.3.4 TRIP CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................................. 56 4.3.4.1 ZONING SYSTEM ADOPTED ......................................................................................................................... 56 4.3.4.2 SAMPLE SIZE ............................................................................................................................................ 58 CDM Smith iii Kochi Metro Rail Ltd. Ridership Updation on Kochi Metro and Impact on Pollutants Final Report 4.3.4.3 TRIP FREQUENCY ...................................................................................................................................... 58 4.3.4.4 PURPOSE OF JOURNEY ............................................................................................................................... 59 4.3.4.5 OCCUPANCY ............................................................................................................................................ 59 4.3.5 ORIGIN DESTINATION