26th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium Global Progress in Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management editors gordon h. kruse • howard i. browman • kevern l. cochrane diana evans • glen s. jamieson • patricia a. livingston douglas woodby • chang ik zhang university of alaska fairbanks Global Progress in Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management editors gordon h. kruse • howard i. browman • kevern l. cochrane diana evans • glen s. jamieson • patricia a. livingston douglas woodby • chang ik zhang Alaska university of alaska fairbanks Elmer E. Rasmuson Library Cataloging in Publication Data: Global progress in ecosystem-based fisheries management / editors : G.H. Kruse … [et al.] – Fairbanks, Alaska : Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2012. p. : ill. ; cm. – (Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks ; AK-SG-12-01) Proceedings of the symposium Ecosystems 2010 : global progress on ecosystem- based fisheries management, November 8-11, 2010, Anchorage, Alaska. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Fishery management—Congresses. 2. Sustainable fisheries—Congresses. 3. Marine ecosystem management—Congresses. I. Title. II. Kruse, Gordon H. III. Series: Lowell Wakefield Fisheries symposia series (26th : 2010 : Anchorage, Alaska). IV. Series: Alaska Sea Grant College Program report ; AK-SG-12-01. SH329.S89 P76 2012 ISBN 978-1-56612-166-8 doi:10.4027/gpebfm.2012 Citation Kruse, G.H., H.I. Browman, K.L. Cochrane, D. Evans, G.S. Jamieson, P.A. Livingston, D. Woodby, and C.I. Zhang, eds. 2012. Global Progress in Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Credits This book is published by Alaska Sea Grant, supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA National Sea Grant Office, grant NA10OAR4170097, project A/161- 02, and by the University of Alaska Fairbanks with state funds. The University of Alaska is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer and educational institution. Sea Grant is a unique partnership with public and private sectors combining research, education, and technology transfer for public service. This national network of uni- versities meets changing environmental and economic needs of people in our coastal, ocean, and Great Lakes regions. For information on undergraduate and graduate opportunities in marine biology, fisheries, oceanography, and other marine-related fields at the University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, visit http://www.sfos.uaf.edu/. Alaska Sea Grant O D ATM SPH N ER University of Alaska Fairbanks A IC IC N A A D E M I C N P.O. Box 755040 O I S L T A R N A Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5040 T O I I O T A N N Toll free (888) 789-0090 U E . S C . R D E (907) 474-6707 Fax (907) 474-6285 E M PA M RT O MENT OF C http://www.alaskaseagrant.org Contents About the Proceedings Book and the Symposium................................. vii The Lowell Wakefield Symposium Series and Endowment ................... ix Progress on Regional Applications Ecopath Model of the Mae Klong Estuary, Inner Gulf of Thailand Siraprapha Premcharoen ............................................................................ 1 FISKE2020: Toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management in Sweden Jenny Nord and Mia Dahlström ................................................................. 27 Evidence for Shifts in Demersal Fish Populations on the West Coast of South Africa: 1986 to 2009 L.J. Atkinson, A. Jarre, L.J. Shannon, and J.G. Field .................................. 45 Exploring Climate and Fishing Impacts in an Ecosystem Model of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia Caihong Fu, Yunne-Jai Shin, R. Ian Perry, Jackie King, and Huizhu Liu .... 65 Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management for the New England Fishery Management Council R. O’Boyle, S. Cadrin, D. Georgianna, J. Kritzer, M. Sissenwine, M. Fogarty, C. Kellogg, and P. Fiorelli ........................................................ 87 Accounting for Predators in Ecosystem-Based Management of Herring Fisheries of the Western Scotian Shelf, Canada Sylvie Guénette and Robert L. Stephenson .............................................. 105 New Analytical Tools and Evaluation of Ecosystem Indicators Using a Regional Level, Risk-Based Framework to Cost Effectively Implement Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management W.J. Fletcher, D.J. Gaughan, S.J. Metcalf, and J. Shaw ............................. 129 iii Contents Multispecies Age-Structured Assessment for Groundfish and Sea Lions in Alaska K.F. Van Kirk, T.J. Quinn II, J.S. Collie, and Z.T. A’mar .............................147 Developing Strategies for Improved Assessment and Ecosystem-Based Management of Canadian Northern Dolly Varden Kimberly Howland, Neil Mochnacz, Colin Gallagher, Ross Tallman, Haitham Ghamry, Marie-Julie Roux, Steve Sandstrom, and James Reist ........................................................... 169 Management of Ecosystem Effects, Potential and Realized, in Emerging Arctic Fisheries in South Baffin Island Ross F. Tallman, Marie-Julie Roux, and Aaron Fisk .................................. 189 Do Species Interactions and Stochasticity Matter to Optimal Management of Multispecies Fisheries? Diwakar Poudel, Leif K. Sandal, Stein I. Steinshamn, and Sturla F. Kvamsdal ................................................................................... 209 Human Dimensions Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management in the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage, Japan Mitsutaku Makino .................................................................................... 237 Overexploitation of Fish Resources and Small-Scale Fisheries in the Northeastern Baltic Sea: Social Aspects of Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management in the West Estonian Archipelago Ahto Järvik, Tiit Raid, Jaak-Velori Sadul, and Leili Järv .......................... 257 A Bio-Economic Model for the Lobster (Homarus americanus) Fishery in Canada Michel Comeau and Marcel LeBreton ...................................................... 273 Natural Indicators of Salmon Run Timing and Abundance Catherine Moncrieff and Brian G. Bue ..................................................... 297 iv Contents Case Studies and Practical Solutions Progress on Implementing Ecosystem-Based Management in the Gulf of Maine Robert Stephenson and John Annala ........................................................311 Ecosystem-Based Management of Fish Species in the Barents Sea Harald Gjøsæter, Sigurd Tjelmeland, and Bjarte Bogstad ....................... 333 Co-Management of Reef Fisheries of the Snapper-Grouper Complex in a Human Ecological Context in Brazil Alpina Begossi, Priscila Lopes, and Renato Silvano ................................. 353 Panel Steps for Future Progress in Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management: What’s Next? Gordon H. Kruse, Howard I. Browman, Kevern L. Cochrane, Diana Evans, W.J. (Rick) Fletcher, Glen S. Jamieson, Patricia A. Livingston, Douglas Woodby, and Chang Ik Zhang ............... 375 Participants .................................................................................................. 381 v About the Proceedings Book and the Symposium Eighteen peer-reviewed research papers are included in this proceed- ings volume; all were presented at the symposium Ecosystems 2010: Global Progress on Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management, November 8-11, 2010, in Anchorage, Alaska. A total of 61 oral presentations and 10 posters were presented at the symposium. The goals of Ecosystems 2010 were to: (1) evaluate global progress toward EBFM by reviewing regional case studies, development of new analytical tools, and practical approaches toward future progress; and (2) offer explicit, practical advice for future progress in implementation of EBFM. To meet these goals, oral presentations and posters were orga- nized along four main themes: (1) progress on regional applications; (2) new analytical tools and evaluation of ecosystem indicators; (3) human dimensions; and (4) case studies and practical solutions. The symposium attracted broad international interest and was attended by 108 registered participants from 19 countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Estonia, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, and USA. The size and diversity fostered a very col- legial atmosphere to discuss and contrast approaches in many regions of the world. The keynote and seven invited speakers further empha- sized the international focus of this symposium with presentations on contrasting marine ecosystems of Thailand, Korea, Japan, Australia, Namibia, Norway, and Atlantic Canada. The symposium was concluded with a panel discussion, which appears as the last paper in this proceedings. Symposium participants agreed that this was a very successful collaboration among ICES, PICES, FAO, and regional partner organizations. Participants urged a follow-up symposium on this same topic in the not-too-distant future. Details about the symposium Ecosystems 2010: Global Progress on Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management, including the program, presentation slides, and book of abstracts are available on the sympo- sium website at http://seagrant.uaf.edu/conferences/2010/wakefield- ecosystems/index.php. Steering Committee • Gordon H. Kruse (chair) University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau Center, Juneau, Alaska, USA • Howard Browman (ICES) Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway vii • David Christie NOAA Alaska Sea Grant, University of