BROKEN PROMISES A study on the socio-economic status of Indian Muslims: Seven years post Sachar BROKEN PROMISES A study on the socio-economic status of Indian Muslims: Seven years post Sachar Centre for Peace Studies Supported by Copyright © Centre for Peace Studies, 2014 www.cps-india.org All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or by any information or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher/author. Broken Promises: A study on the socio-economic status of Indian Muslims — Seven years post Sachar was fi rst published in India in 2014 by Daanish Books Editorial: 25 C, Skylark Apartments, Gazipur, Delhi-110 096 Sales: G-221, Plot No. 96, Gazipur, Delhi-110 096 Ph.: 011-4306 7412, 2224 0260; Cell: +91 98685 43637 www.daanishbooks.com E-mail: [email protected] Patna: ‘Jaishanti,’ 123, Kautilya Nagar Patna-800 014, Bihar Cell: +91 90975 98361, 95761 85468 Nagpur: 34A, Kashi Nagar, Post-Parvati Nagar Nagpur-440 027, Maharashtra Cell: +91 81800 66517 Supported by: R-7 Hauz Khas Enclave New Delhi-110 016. India Phone: 011-40640500 www.actionaid.org/india ISBN 978-93-81144-41-1 (Pb) Editorial Assistance: Suchita Vemuri and Dhruva Narayan Production Assistance: Akhilesh Choudhary Cover and Design Supervision: Soumya Parker Published by Dhruva Narayan for Daanish Books Printed at Om Printers, Delhi -110092. CONTENTS Glossary xv Abbreviations xix Acknowledgements xxiii Foreword by Ghanshyam Shah xxv 1. Introduction 1 2. What is the PM’s New 15-Point Programme? 7 2.1 The Multi-Sector Development Programme 8 2.1.1 Objectives 9 3. Research Methodology 11 3.1 Timeline of the Study 20 4. PM’s New 15-Point Programme and ICDs, Auxiliary Services 21 4.1 What Does the PM’s New15-Point Programme Promise? 21 4.2 What is the Present Situation? 22 4.2.1 Where are the anganwadis in Karnataka? A case study 24 4.2.2. Children and anganwadis 25 4.2.3 A look at the ICDS centres in West Bengal 29 4.2.4 Stale food in Hyderabad 31 4.2.5 Discussing ICDS at Rahmat Nagar in Bellary, Karnataka 32 4.2.6 Are children receiving pre-school education at ICDS centre? 33 4.2.7 Discriminated! An anganwadi helper not allowed to cook! 37 4.3 People’s Recommendations: What is the Ideal Anganwadi Centre 37 4.4 Access to Government Healthcare and Education Cacilities by Women and Girls 38 4.5 ICDS Facilities and Other Socio-religious Communities 40 5. ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTHCARE FOR MUSLIMS 43 5.1 Introduction 43 5.2 Availability of Healthcare Centres 44 5.2.1 State-wise look at healthcare infrastructure 45 5.3. Some Case Studies from Murshidabad District, West Bengal 47 5.4 Muslim Women not Wanted in Hospitals 48 5.5 The Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) 48 5.7 The ASHA (Accredited Social Healthcare Activist) 53 5.8 Unani Medicine and the State Patronage 54 v Broken Promises: A study on the socio-economic status of Indian Muslims - Seven years post Sachar 5.9 Access to Healthcare Services and Non-Muslim Socio-religious Communities 56 6. Access to Education by Muslims 59 6.1 Introduction 59 6.2 What does the PM’s New 15-Point Programme Promise? 61 6.3 What is the Present Situation? 61 6.3.1 Status of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas in Uttar Pradesh: A case study 67 6.3.2 School drop-out children as child labourers: A case study from Moradabad 67 6.3.3 Poverty and drop-out rates 68 6.3.4 Discrimination faced by school children 69 6.3.5 MDM, Books, Uniforms and SMCS 71 6.4 Does the School have a SMC? 73 6.5 Scholarships for Meritorious Students from Minority Communities as per the PM’s New 15-Point Programme 74 6.5.1 What is the present situation? 74 6.5.2 Scholarships and access to education 77 6.5.3 Procedural diffi culties in applying for scholarship 78 6.5.4 Scholarships denied 81 6.5.5 Discussion and fi gures from minority departments in states 82 6.6 Recommendations 84 6.7 Education and Non-Muslim Socio-religious communities 87 7. Urdu and the PM’s New 15-Point Programme 89 7.1 What does the PM’s 15-Point Programme Promise? 89 7.2 Urdu and the Indian Story 89 7.3 The Condition of Urdu Medium Schools and Urdu Teachers: A Sad State of Affairs 90 7.3.1 Urdu medium schools in India 90 7.3.2 Situation in Maharashtra 94 7.3.3 A case of Bihar 94 7.3.4 Urdu as a mother tongue 95 7.4 Urdu Teachers Missing! 96 7.4.1 No Urdu Teachers in Delhi 96 7.4.2 No Urdu teachers in Malegaon 97 7.5 Sachar Committee Report and the Urdu Language 98 8. Economic Condition of Muslims 99 8.1 Introduction 99 8.2 Economic Liberalization and Livelihoods 99 8.3 Right to Employment and the PM’s New 15-Point Programme 100 8.4 The Present Economic Condition of Indian Muslims 100 8.4.1 Malegaon powerlooms in a state of neglect 101 8.4.2 Artisans like leather workers affected 103 vi Contents 8.5 Income Situation 104 8.6 Loans and PM’s New 15-Point Programme 105 8.6.1 The reality about loans 105 8.6.2 Sources of loan 110 8.6.3 Art forms of Muslims being discriminated upon in Bidar, Karnataka 112 8.6.4 The case of Syed Salahuddin 112 8.7 Access to Credit 113 8.7.1 Evaluation study of the National Minorities Finance Development Corporation 114 8.7.2 No skill enhancement 117 8.8 Women Workers 117 8.9 Work Participation Rate (WPR) 118 8.10 Women Beedi-makers of Rahatgarh 120 8.11 Physical Performance of the SGSY 121 8.12 Vocational Training for Minorities 121 8.12.1 What does the PM’s 15-Point Programme promise? 121 8.12.2 What do NSS fi gures say? 122 8.12.3 A look at ITIs in Karnataka 122 8.12.4 Our fi ndings 122 8.12.5 The Sachar Committee recommendations 124 8.13 Migration Trends 124 9. Recruitment to State and Central Services 127 9.1 Introduction 127 9.2 ID Status of the Indian Muslim 128 9.3 Application and Selection in Government Jobs 130 9.4 Malegaon Municipal Corporation Elects but does Not Select Muslims! 132 9.4.1 Situation in the Old City of Hyderabad 133 9.5 The Attitude of the Police 133 9.6 Entitlements: ‘Ab ummeed toot gayi hai’ (We have lost hope now) 136 9.7 Caste System and Discrimination 138 9.7.2 Identity a threat 142 10. Housing/Improvement of Slums/Sanitation and Basic Infrastructure 145 10.1 What Does the PM’s New 15-Point Programme Promise? 145 10.2 What Does JNNURM Say? 145 10.3 Atal Aif Ayyaub Nagar Basti in Bhopal: Case Study 146 10.4 Access to Safe Water and Drainage in Minority Population Areas in India 147 10.4.1 Clean drinking water: A luxury in many Muslim households 148 10.4.2 Do you face any discrimination in accessing water? 152 10.5 Drainage and Toilet Facilities 153 10.6 Malegaon, a Sad State of Affairs! 156 vii Broken Promises: A study on the socio-economic status of Indian Muslims - Seven years post Sachar 10.7 Housing and Civic Infrastructure 157 10.7.1 Comparative study of two slums in Bengaluru 158 10.7.2 Legal electricity connections 158 10.7.3 Urban amenities – and infrastructures in Muslim dominated areas in Mumbai 162 10.8 Other Infrastructure 166 11. Conclusion and Recommendations 173 Bibliography 177 Annexures 179 Annex 1: List of Individuals and organizations that Contributed to This Study 181 Annex 2: Terms of Reference of the High-Level Committee appointed by the PM, the Justice Sachar Committee 187 Annex 3: Main Observations made by Justice Ranganath Mishra Commission 189 Annex 4: Prime Minister’s New 15 Point Programme for Welfare of Minorities 199 Annex 5: Details of Funds Allocated under the Prime Minister’s New 15-Point Programme for the Welfare of Minorities 203 Annex 6: List of Minority Concentration Districts in India 223 Annex 7: Socio-Economic Indicators of Top 100 Districts (by size of Muslim Population), 2001 Census 227 Annex 8: Interview Schedule 231 Annex 9: List of Instructions given to Researchers for This Study 247 Annex 10: Maulana Azad National Fellowship for Minority Students Scheme 249 Annex 11: ITI College Information in Gulburga district 251 Annex 12: List of Castes of People met with for This Study 259 viii LIST OF BOXES, FIGURES & TABLES Boxes BOX 1: Anganwadis with the Madaris in Maharashtra 23 BOX 2: What the Muslim women of Bengaluru slums have to say…. 32 BOX 3: No knowledge of services 39 BOX 4: Poor healthcare infrastructure 50 BOX 5: From the Minority Commissioner, Rajasthan 52 BOX 6: No middle school in village! 63 BOX 7: Unable to access formal education due to poverty! 76 BOX 8: Name game 79 BOX 9: Uncertain future 80 BOX 10: The fate of Urdu 89 BOX 11: Infrastructural woes 91 BOX 12: Seventy-three percent of Urdu teachers’ posts vacant in Delhi 97 BOX 13: Weavers of Uttar Pradesh 102 BOX 14: The Madaris still left with begging as one of their professions! 103 BOX 15: Catch 22 – Can’t repay but forced to borrow 112 BOX 16: The case of Salahuddin 113 BOX 17: Illegal money lending 113 BOX 18: Migration for livelihood 118 BOX 19: Irreplaceable cards 127 BOX 20: Imprisoned, intimidated and threatened! 135 BOX 21: Identity and harassment 135 BOX 22: No benefi ts for Mahawats 143 BOX 23: Poor civic infrastructure….