University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses November 2016 Urban metabolism and land use modeling for urban designers and planners: A land use model for the Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool Mohamad Farzinmoghadam University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Architectural Engineering Commons, Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Farzinmoghadam, Mohamad, "Urban metabolism and land use modeling for urban designers and planners: A land use model for the Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool" (2016). Doctoral Dissertations. 741. https://doi.org/10.7275/9097471.0 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/741 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. URBAN METABOLISM AND LAND USE MODELING FOR URBAN DESIGNERS AND PLANNERS: A LAND USE MODEL FOR THE INTEGRATED URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS TOOL A Dissertation Presented by MOHAMAD FARZINMOGHADAM Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 2016 Regional Planning © Copyright by Mohamad Farzinmoghadam 2016 All Rights Reserved URBAN METABOLISM AND LAND USE MODELING FOR URBAN DESIGNERS AND PLANNERS: A LAND USE MODEL FOR THE INTEGRATED URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS TOOL A Dissertation Presented by MOHAMAD FARZINMOGHADAM Approved as to style and content by: ___________________________________________ Elisabeth M. Hamin, Chair ___________________________________________ Simi T. Hoque, Member ___________________________________________ Henry Renski, Member __________________________________________ Elisabeth M. Hamin, Department Chair Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning To my Loving Mom and Dad And my love and best friend Sheema ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisors Prof. Elisabeth Hamin and Simi Hoque for their continuous supports of my research, and for their motivation and knowledge. I would also like to thank Prof. Henry Renski for his insightful comments and encouragement. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my friend and Colleague Nariman Mostafavi for all his help and encouragement. A special thanks to my amazing family: my mother and father for their support during my education and the sacrifices they made on my behalf, and my love and best friend, Sheema, for always standing by my side and believing in me. v ABSTRACT URBAN METABOLISM AND LAND USE MODELING FOR URBAN DESIGNERS AND PLANNERS: A LAND USE MODEL FOR THE INTEGRATED URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS TOOL SEPTEMBER 2016 MOHAMAD FARZINMOGHADAM B.S., SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY M.ARCH, TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY M.ARCH, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Elisabeth M. Hamin Predicting the resource consumption in the built environment and its associated environmental consequences (urban metabolism analysis) is one of the core challenges facing policy-makers and planners seeking to increase the sustainability of urban areas. There is a critical need for a single integrated framework to analyze the consequences of urban growth and eventually predict the impacts of sustainable policies on the urbanscape. This dissertation presents the development of an Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT) – an analytical framework that simulates urban metabolism by integrating urban subsystems in a single comprehensive computational environment. It reviews the existing literature on urban sustainability, urban metabolism, as well as introducing the general framework for IUMAT. IUMAT uses three separate models for quantifying environmental impacts of land-use transition, consumption of resources, and transportation. This work outlines the development of IUMAT Land-Use Model that uses Remote Sensing, GIS, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict land use change patterns. By using Density-Based Spatial Clustering and normal equations, this dissertation vi introduces a method for generating building-form variables from Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data, which can be used as a new determinant factor in land-use change modeling. The proposed Land-use Model, within IUMAT or other analytical models, can be useful to local planning officials in understanding the complexity of land-use change and developing enhanced land-use policies. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Sustainable Cities .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Sustainable Urban Form .......................................................................................... 5 1.3 Sustainable Development Assessment in Cities ................................................... 11 1.4 Urban Metabolism ................................................................................................. 14 1.5 Research Goals ...................................................................................................... 17 1.6 Dissertation Structure ............................................................................................ 19 1.7 Roles and Responsibilities .................................................................................... 20 2. INTEGRATED URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS TOOL (IUMAT) ........................ 22 2.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 22 2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 22 2.3 Background and Literature Review ...................................................................... 23 2.4 Urban Metabolism and Sustainability ................................................................... 30 2.5 Urban Metabolism Simulation Tools .................................................................... 34 2.6 IUMAT .................................................................................................................. 37 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 41 3. A FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS TOOL (IUMAT) ...................................................................................................................... 44 3.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 44 3.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 45 3.3 Background ........................................................................................................... 46 3.4 Overview of IUMAT framework .......................................................................... 50 3.4.1 Dynamics of choice ............................................................................... 50 3.4.2 Dynamics of time .................................................................................. 51 3.4.3 Dynamics of scale .................................................................................. 51 3.5 Demographic Factor .............................................................................................. 52 3.6 Economic Factor ................................................................................................... 54 3.7 Land cover ............................................................................................................. 56 3.8 Transportation ....................................................................................................... 59 3.9 Energy, water and materials .................................................................................. 64 3.10 Aggregation ......................................................................................................... 69 3.11 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 70 viii 4. DEVELOPING AN AUTOMATED METHOD FOR THE APPLICATION OF LIDAR IN IUMAT LAND-USE MODEL: ANALYSIS OF LAND-USE CHANGES USING BUILDING-FORM PARAMETERIZATION, GIS, AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS .......................................................................................................... 72 4.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................