The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Founded by the Charles H. Revson Foundation The Security Fence Around Jerusalem: Implications for the City and its Residents Editor: Israel Kimhi כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Established by the Charles H. Revson Foundation The Security Fence Around Jerusalem: Implications for the City and Its Residents Editor: Israel Kimhi 2006 כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל The JUS Studies Series, No. Ill The Security Fence Around Jerusalem: Implications for the City and Its Residents Editor: Israel Kimhi Maps: Yair Assaf-Shapira Layout and design: Esti Boehm Production and printing: Hamutal Appel We wish to thank Al Levitt of San Francisco, the Yaakov and Hilda Blaustein Foundation, the Frankel Foundation, the Charles H. Revson Foundation, the New Israel Fund, the Jerusalem Fund and the National Security Council for making this project possible. The views expressed in this book are solely the responsibility of the authors © 2006, The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies The Hay Elyachar House 20 Radak St., 92186 Jerusalem http://www.jiis.org.il E-mail: [email protected] כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל About the authors Israel Kimhi — Urban planner, senior researcher and Jerusalem Studies Coordinator at the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. Headed the Jerusalem Municipality's Policy Planning Division. Lecturer in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Geography Department and at the Institute of Urban and Regional Studies. Has headed numerous planning teams and prepared master and outline plans for neighborhoods, cities and regions in Israel. Author of numerous publications on Jerusalem, among them: Sustainable Jerusalem: Issues of Development and Conservation (with Maya Choshen and Shlomo Hasson), the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies 2004; Urban Environmental Quality (ed.), the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2005; The Jerusalem Hills and the Judean Coastal Plain: Conservation Policy and Sustainable Development (with Maya Choshen and Motti Kaplan); Outline Plan for the Jerusalem District, 2000; Staff Coordinator, Master Plan for Educational Institutions in East Jerusalem, 2003 (with Maya Choshen, Muhammad Nakhal and Bilhah Piamente). Maya Choshen — Geographer and urban planner, senior researcher at the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies and lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's School of Education and Institute of Urban and Regional Studies. She edits the Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem and its accompanying publication, Al Netunayich Yerushalayim, published by the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies and the Jerusalem Municipality; she advises research teams and directs projects on social, planning and education-related issues in Jerusalem. Among the books and articles that she has published in recent years: Sustainable Jerusalem: Issues of Development and Conservation, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (with Shlomo Hasson and Israel Kimhi), 2004; "There's Something About the Place: Immigration to and from Jerusalem Shapes the Life of the City," (Hebrew) in Panim: a Magazine on Culture, Society and Education, No. 28, the Israel Teachers Union in cooperation with the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2004; Master Plan for Educational Institutions in East Jerusalem, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (submitted to the Jerusalem Education Authority, with Muhammad Nakhal, Bilhah Piamente and Israel Kimhi), 2003. כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל Kobi Michael — Completed his doctorate at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Swiss Center for the Study of Conflicts; Research Fellow at the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies and a founder and senior administrator of the Israel-Palestinian security coordination apparatus subsequent to the Oslo Accords. His areas of expertise are strategy, national security, and relations between the political and military echelons in Israel. His research deals with various aspects of political-military relations in Israel, the reality of political processes, Jerusalem-related security issues, mainly regarding the Jerusalem security fence ("Otef Yerushalayim"), security cooperation in conditions of conflict, and the development of models for international involvement in the various conflict areas, including Jerusalem's Historical Basin. He lectures at the National Security College and in the conflict studies programs at Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University. His books include: International Involvement in Jerusalem: Background and Significance, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2003; International Involvement in Jerusalem's "Historical Basin: " Possible Alternatives, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2003; A Fence Around Jerusalem: the Construction of the Security (Separation) Fence around Jerusalem (with Amnon Ramon), the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2004; The Israeli-Palestinian Violent Confrontation, 2000-2004: the Transition from Conflict Resolution to Conflict Management (with Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Efraim Lavie and Daniel Bar-Tal), the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2005. Amnon Ramon — Researcher at the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies and Coordinator of Courses at Yad Ben-Zvi. His doctoral dissertation is devoted to the topic of Israel-Church relations against the background of the Jerusalem holy sites issue. His areas of expertise include Christianity and Jerusalem, the Temple Mount and Jerusalem in the modern era. His publications include: Rehavia: a Neighborhood in Jerusalem, Yad Ben-Zvi, 1998; Around the Holy City: Christian Tourist Routes, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2000; The Jerusalem Lexicon, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2003 ; A Fence Around Jerusalem: the Construction of the Security ( Separation ) Fence around Jerusalem (with Kobi Michael), the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2004. כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל Acknowledgements I would like to express my thanks to the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies research staff, Dr. Maya Choshen, Dr. Kobi Michael, Reuven Merhav and Amnon Ramon, who have worked with me in monitoring and analyzing issues related to the construction of the security fence around Jerusalem since its inception. A debt of gratitude is also due to the following: Architect Yair Assaf-Shapira for producing the maps included in the book, and research assistants Guy Galili and Shiri Bornstein, who helped process the survey data; Muhammad Nakhal who coordinated the field work for the survey of families living outside Jerusalem which was conducted on behalf of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies; Shoham Choshen and Alex Gilles for their translation of the responses from Arabic to Hebrew; Special thanks are due to Hamutal Appel for her work in producing and printing the book. My thanks to you all. The Editor כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל Table of Contents Introduction 9 The Operational Regime of the Security Fence Around Jerusalem: Potential Implications for the City Israel Kimhi 15 Implications of the Security Fence for Residents of the Arab Villages Adjacent to Jerusalem Israel Kimhi, Maya Choshen 31 Effects of the Security Fence on Palestinian Residents in the City and in the Jerusalem Metropolitan Area Israel Kimhi 67 The Christian Institutions and the Security Fence around Jerusalem Amnon Ramon 119 Alternative Routes for the Security Fence around Jerusalem Israel Kimhi 137 List of Maps Map 1: The route of the security fence in the Jerusalem area 14 Map 2: The security fence and population distribution 22 Map 3: The fence and the Christian institutions in the Jerusalem area 126 Map 4: The demographic option 161 Map 5: The "fabric of life" option 168 Map 6: The metropolitan option 171 כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל כל הזכויות שמורות למכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל Introduction The articles in this collection address a number of issues connected with the security fence in the Jerusalem region. The first article addresses the fence's impact on the living conditions of East Jerusalem Arabs and its economic and social implications for the city's entire population. The second article analyzes the changes in "fabric of life" experienced by the families who reside in Palestinian villages that border the security fence but are located outside of the boundaries of Jerusalem, in Judea and Samaria. The third article examines the way in which the fence affects the functioning of the Christian institutions located in proximity to it, and with the issue of how the Christian world, with all of its diverse elements, regards the new reality created by the fence. The last article presents various alternatives to the route of the fence that is being built around Jerusalem, based on the assumption that the current fence is not the final word and that one day a decision will be made to alter its route, due to local urban reasons or as a result of negotiations with the Palestinians and a diplomatic agreement regarding the future of Jerusalem. The first three subjects have a common denominator: they all seek to assess the effects of the security fence on the lives of the Arabs residing in or near Jerusalem. The changes undergone are ones of lifestyle and of the utilization of services that had traditionally been received from Jerusalem in the fields of education, health, culture, religion, commerce and employment. The articles also raise the