University of Bath DOCTOR OF HEALTH (DHEALTH) Spinal, Pelvic and Lower Limb Kinematics. A Pre and Post Injury Comparison of Elite Level Football Players Bell, Paul Award date: 2019 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 University of Bath DOCTOR OF HEALTH (DHEALTH) Spinal, Pelvic and Lower Limb Kinematics. A Pre and Post Injury Comparison of Elite Level Football Players Bell, Paul Award date: 2019 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 13. Jun. 2019 Citation for published version: Bell, P 2019, 'Spinal, Pelvic and Lower Limb Kinematics. A Pre and Post Injury Comparison of Elite Level Football Players', Doctor of Health (DHealth), University of Bath. Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication University of Bath General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 21. Jan. 2019 Spinal, Pelvic and Lower Limb Kinematics A Pre and Post Injury Comparison of Elite Level Football Players Paul Bell A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctorate in Health University of Bath Department of Health August 2018 ***** COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. A copy of this thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and they must not copy it or use material from it except as permitted by law or with the consent of the author. This thesis may be made available for consultation within the University Library and may be photocopied or lent to other libraries for the purposes of consultation. Signature of author.................................................................................................................Paul Bell i ii Table of Contents Title Page Page i Table of Contents iii-iv List of Appendices v List of Figures vi-vii List of Formulae viii List of Tables ix Acknowledgements x Abstract xi List of Abbreviations xii Chapters Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 1-6 1:1 Research Overview ..................................................................................... 1-3 1:2 Research Questions ..................................................................................... 3-4 1:3 Statement of Purpose ..................................................................................... 5 1:4 Organisation of Thesis ................................................................................ 5-6 Chapter 2 Review Of The Literature .................................................................... 7-39 2:1 Sports injury- Epidemiology & Significance .............................................. 7-8 2:2 Kinematics During the Football Kick ....................................................... 8-14 2:3 The Kinematic Chain .............................................................................. 14-16 2:4 Movement Adaptation ............................................................................. 16-24 2:5 Movement Variability ............................................................................. 24-30 2:6 Human Motion Capture .......................................................................... 30-36 2:7 Summary ................................................................................................. 37-39 iii Chapter 3 Pilot Study ......................................................................................... 40-48 3:1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 40-41 3:2 Methods .................................................................................................... 42-45 3:3 Results ...................................................................................................... 45-46 3:4 Summary/Discussion ............................................................................... 46-48 Chapter 4 Methods ............................................................................................. 49-62 4:1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 49 4:2 Protocol .................................................................................................... 50-62 Chapter 5 Results ................................................................................................ 63-77 Chapter 6 Discussion ........................................................................................ 78-105 6:1 Summary of Findings .................................................................................... 78 6:2 Application of Markerless Motion Capture ............................................ 79-81 6:3 Kinematics During the Sub-Maximal Inside-of-the-Foot Pass Kick .......................................................................... 81-83 6:4 Variability ................................................................................................ 83-87 6:5 Injury Prediction ...................................................................................... 88-90 6:6 Movement Change & Adaptation ........................................................... 90-93 6:7 Functional Movement Profiling (FMP) ................................................... 93-96 6:8 Limitations with this Study & Recommendations for Future Investigation ................................................. 96-105 Chapter 7 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 106-110 References ........................................................................................................ 111-136 iv List of Appendices Appendix A: Numeric Pain Scale ..................................................................... 137 Appendix B: Participant Informed Consent Form .................................... 138-141 Appendix C: Participant Information Sheet ...................................................... 142 Appendix D: Participant Script Sheets ...................................................... 143-144 Appendix E: Data Distributions ................................................................. 145-148 Appendix F: Participant Injury Epidemiology ........................................... 149-150 Appendix G: SPM Analysis- Significant & Non-Significant But Notable Findings .................................................. 151-152 Appendix H: Group MADes & MAD Tables Full & Maximum ROM ............................................................................ 153-156 Appendix I: Intra-Individual Functional Movement Profile Graphs: Injured & Non-Injured ............................................................................... 157-164 Appendix J: Pilot Study – Participant Informed Consent Form & Participant Information .......................................................................... 165-166 v List of Figures Figure 1: Redundancy, Self-Motion And Motor Control (Martin, Scholz, Schöner, 2009) ........................................ 25 Figure 2a: Pilot Study Data Recording Start/End Position/Chair Prop .............. 44 Figure 2b: Pilot Study Data Recording Start/End Position ................................ 44 Figure 2c: Pilot Study Data Recording Mid Position ........................................