Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive in South-Eastern Europe Initial Characterisation of Lakes Prespa, Ohrid and Shkodra/Skadar Published by In cooperation with Place partner logos here if ap- Otherwise delete these boxes plicable and prefix. Font: Bundes Serif Office Imprint Published by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Registered offices Bonn and Eschborn, Germany Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity at Lakes Prespa, Ohrid and Shkodra/Skadar (CSBL) Rruga Skenderbej Pallati 6, Ap. 1/3 Tirana, Albania T +355 42 258 650 F +355 42 251 792 www.giz.de As at November 2015 Printed by Pegi Sh.p.k. Lundër, Tiranë Design and layout XY Address Photo credits Jutta Benzenberg (2, 4, 6, 14, 16), Nikoleta Bogatinovska (13), Hoger Densky (11), Sead Hadžiablahović (3, 5) Dushica Ilik-Boeva (18) , Manjola Lala (7, 19), Danilo Mrdak (8), Jelena Peruničić (1), Ralf Peveling (9, 10, 17), Elizabeta Veljanoska-Sarafiloska (12, 15) Text Emirjeta Adhami, Ariola Bacu, Sajmir Beqiraj, Holger Densky, Zorica Djuranović, Pavle Djurašković, Dafina Gusheska, Sead Hadžiablahović, Dushica Ilik-Boeva, Aleksandar Ivanovski, Lefter Kashta, Ermira Koçu (Deçka), Goce Kostoski, Lence Lokoska, Ylber Mirta, Danilo Mrdak, Arian Palluqi, Arben Pambuku, Bill Parr, Suzana Patceva, Ana Pavićević, Jelena Peruničić, Ralf Peveling, Michael Pietrock, Marash Rakaj, Jelena Rakočević, Vjola Saliaga, Elizabeta Veljanoska-Sarafiloska, Zoran Spirkovski, Spase Shumka, Marina Talevska, Trajche Talevski, Orhideja Tasevska, Sonja Trajanovska, Sasho Trajanovski Editorial Board Ralf Peveling, Uwe Brämick, Holger Densky, Bill Parr, Michael Pietrock GIZ is responsible for this publication. On behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) Acknowledgements This publication is the result of a joint effort of ministries, competent authorities, research institutions and experts of Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro to characterise the three lake sub-basins jointly and pursuant to the EU Water Framework Directive. This endeavour, which involved the pooling of expertise from all three countries, was pursued with determination and in a spirit of cooperation at all levels: political, technical and administrative. All parties and persons involved are acknowledged for their contribution to this work. Disclaimer This publication has been prepared from original material submitted by the authors. Every effort was made to ensure that this document remains faithful to that material and responsibility for the accuracy of information presented remains solely with the authors. However, the views expressed do not nec- essarily reflect those of GIZ, the Governments of Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro, nor the national competent authorities in charge of implementing the EU Water Framework Directive. The use of par- ticular designations of water bodies does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the GIZ, as to the legal status of such water bodies, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................ v Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................... viii 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Description of the Drin River Basin ......................................................................................................... 4 3 Water Framework Directive – National Legislation ......................................................................... 5 3.1 Albania ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Macedonia ............................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Montenegro ............................................................................................................................. 7 4 Lake Water Status – Requirements and Procedures According to the WFD .......................... 9 5 Lake Shkodra/Skadar Sub-Basin ........................................................................................................... 12 5.1 Characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 12 5.2 Types of Surface Water Bodies – Lake and Main Tributaries ................................................ 12 5.3 Type-Specific Reference Conditions ...................................................................................... 13 5.4 Identification of Pressures ..................................................................................................... 14 5.4.1 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 14 5.4.2 Existing Data and Gaps .................................................................................................. 15 5.4.3 Significant Point Source Pollution ................................................................................. 15 5.4.4 Significant Diffuse Source Pollution .............................................................................. 16 5.4.5 Water Abstraction ......................................................................................................... 17 5.4.6 Hydromorphology and Water Flow Regulation ............................................................ 17 5.4.7 Other Significant Anthropogenic Impacts ..................................................................... 18 5.5 Water Quality Assessment ..................................................................................................... 18 5.5.1 Sampling Stations .......................................................................................................... 18 5.5.2 Chemical and Physico-Chemical Elements .................................................................... 19 5.5.3 Specific Pollutants ......................................................................................................... 22 5.5.4 Biological Quality Elements ........................................................................................... 24 5.6 Impact and Risk of Water Bodies Failing to Meet Environmental Objectives ....................... 37 5.6.1 Chemical and Physico-Chemical Elements .................................................................... 37 5.6.2 Biological Elements........................................................................................................ 38 5.6.3 Hydromorphological Elements ...................................................................................... 39 5.6.4 Surface Water Status and Environmental Objectives Assessment ............................... 40 5.7 Protected Areas ..................................................................................................................... 40 i 5.7.1 Albania ........................................................................................................................... 40 5.7.2 Montenegro ................................................................................................................... 40 6 Sub-Basin Lake Ohrid ................................................................................................................................. 41 6.1 Characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 41 6.2 Types of Surface Water Bodies – Lake and Main Tributaries ................................................ 41 6.3 Type- Specific Reference Conditions ..................................................................................... 42 6.4 Identification of Pressures ..................................................................................................... 42 6.4.1 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 42 6.4.2 Existing Data and Gaps .................................................................................................. 43 6.4.3 Significant Point Sources of Pollution............................................................................ 43 6.4.4 Significant Diffuse Source Pollution .............................................................................. 44 6.4.5 Water Abstraction ......................................................................................................... 45 6.4.6 Hydromorphology and Water Flow Regulation ............................................................ 46 6.4.7 Other Significant Anthropogenic Impacts ..................................................................... 47 6.5 Water Quality Assessment ..................................................................................................... 48 6.5.1 Sampling Stations .......................................................................................................... 48 6.5.2 Chemical and Physico-Chemical Elements .................................................................... 50 6.5.3 Specific Pollutants