Mapping of the Municipal Spatial, Infrastructural, Resource Related and Logistic Prerequisites for Electricity and/or Heat Generation from Biomass in the Srem District Study of Local Spatial, Infrastructural, Resource Related and Logistic Prerequisites for Electricity and/or Heat Generation from Biomass in the Srem District Study of Local Spatial, Infrastructural, Resource Related and Logistic Prerequisites for Electricity and/or Heat Generation from Biomass in the Srem District Study of Local Spatial, Infrastructural, Resource Related and Logistic Prerequisites for Electricity and/or Heat Generation from Biomass in the Srem District Belgrade, 2015 Study of Local Spatial, Infrastructural, Resource Related and Logistic Prerequisites for Electricity and/or Heat Generation from Biomass in the Srem District Authors Prof. dr Dejan Ivezić, dipl. inž. Dejan Đukanović, dipl. inž. Višnja Bacanović Vuk Božović Milan Mirić Publisher Stalna konferencija gradova i opština – Savez gradova i opština Srbije Makedonska 22, 11000 Beograd For Publisher Đorđe Staničić, generalni sekretar SKGO Editors Miodrag Gluščević Ljubinka Kaluđerović Translation Tijana Katona Design and prepress Atelje, Belgrade Printing Dosije studio, Belgrade Circulation: 50 copies ISBN 978-86-88459-40-2 Design and publishing of this publication was supported by the project “Mapping of the Municipal Spatial, Infrastructural, Resource Related and Logistic Prerequisites for Electricity and/or Heat Generation from Biomass in the Srem District”, funded by the Embassy of Finland in Serbia, and im- plemented by the SCTM. This publication does not represent the views of the Embassy of Finland and SCTM. Responsibility for the information and opinions in this publication rests solely with the authors. Foreword It is a well known fact that biomass is individually the most significant renewable resource potential in Serbia, but it is also a fact that this energy source is still far from being sufficiently or adequately utilized. In terms of energy, biomass is both a great op- portunity and responsibility for local government units. That means that switching from conventional and, as a rule imported, energy sources to renewable sources, i.e. biomass, in district heating systems, cities and municipalities could achieve multiple benefits for themselves and their citizens in terms of security of supply, service quality, activating local capabilities, boosting local economy and, finally, alleviating the burden on local fi- nance. For the above reasons, local self-government units also have the responsibility to initiate the process and create institutional, regulatory and infrastructural prerequisites for a more widespread use of biomass on their territories for local needs. For the reasons above, this Study should serve the Srem District municipalities to review biomass potentials on their territories, as well as currently available and future required infrastructural prerequisites for its more intensive use. In this way, local self- government units, equipped with arguments, will be an equal party to any future nego- tiations that may be held with potential investors in this area. The Study is a result of the project “Mapping of the Municipal Spatial, Infrastructur- al, Resource Related and Logistic Prerequisites for Electricity and/or Heat Generation from Biomass in the Srem District”, implemented, between December 2013 and April 2015, by the Standing Conference of Towns and Municipalities of Serbia in cooperation with the Regional Development Agency of Srem and financially supported by the Em- bassy of Finland in Serbia. The aim of the Project is to contribute, through the development of a methodol- ogy for mapping of the municipal spatial, infrastructural, resource related and logistic prerequisites for electricity and/or heat generation from biomass and the Study, to the intensification of investment activities relating to the use of biomass for energy genera- tion at the local level as well as for the raising of general awareness at the local level on the importance and potential of biomass as a renewable energy source. The pilot region selected was the Srem District as it stretches between the Sava and Fruska Gora, which is an area with varied biomass potential, comprising seven munici- palities of different size, type and number of inhabitants. Moreover, the Srem District is well known for strong local actors who were ready to support the implementation of project activities. 5 Last but not the least, the Study also covers the gender aspect of using biomass at the local level, to contribute to better understanding of the gender perspective and create affirmative actions to empower women in this field. The authors would hereby like to thank all their colleagues for the support for and assistance in the development of the Study. Project Team: “Mapping of the Municipal Spatial, Infrastructural, Resource Related and Logistic Prerequisites for Electricity and/or Heat Generation from Biomass in the Srem District” Contents List of Acronyms ..........................................................................................................9 List of Figures .............................................................................................................11 List of Tables ...............................................................................................................13 1. Project Background ...............................................................................................15 2. Situation in the EU ................................................................................................17 2.1. Legal Framework ......................................................................................................20 3. Use of Biomass in the Republic of Serbia .............................................................23 3.1. Land ............................................................................................................................23 3.2. Forests ........................................................................................................................25 3.3. Volume and Structure of Agricultural Production ..............................................27 3.3.1. Plant Production ........................................................................................27 3.3.2. Livestock Production ..................................................................................29 3.4. Energy Consumption ...............................................................................................29 4. Methodology .........................................................................................................33 4.1. Gender Equality ........................................................................................................39 5. The Srem District ..................................................................................................41 5.1. Background Information .........................................................................................41 5.1.1. Location, surface area, watercourses, populated settlements ...................42 5.2. Spatial and Regulation Plans ...................................................................................43 5.3. Legislative Framework .............................................................................................45 5.3.1. Local Incentives ..........................................................................................50 5.3.2. Standardization .........................................................................................50 5.4. Population and its Economic Activity ...................................................................51 5.4.1. Employment ...............................................................................................51 5.5. Climate .......................................................................................................................52 5.6. Economy ....................................................................................................................54 5.6.1. Industry ......................................................................................................54 5.6.2. Agriculture .................................................................................................55 5.6.3. Forestry .......................................................................................................58 5.6.4. Water Management ...................................................................................61 7 5.7. Public Sector ..............................................................................................................63 5.7.1. Institutions-Direct and Indirect Users.......................................................65 5.8. Existing Infrastructure and Plans for its Further Development .........................65 5.8.1. Roads ..........................................................................................................65 5.8.2. Navigable Waterways ................................................................................68 5.8.3. Energy Sector..............................................................................................69 5.9. Protected Areas .........................................................................................................76 5.10. Energy Consumption ...............................................................................................78 5.10.1.