Bellringer The Punic Wars were a series of three showdowns between ancient world powers Rome and Carthage. What might have led to this confrontation? Bellringer How did the expansion of the Roman Republic change Roman government over time? Were these changes positive or negative? 16 O KPREP Objective I can identify the causes and effects of the Punic Wars Complete the Foldable! You will have 15 minutes to complete your Foldable. If you have finished, complete DBQ that was passed out last week. If that is completed, move on to Social Media activity. The Punic Wars Carthage Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Carthage Mediterranean had been Result was the three brought Rome into founded as Punic Wars conflict with the Phoenician powerful North 264-146 BC colony 500 African city-state of years earlier Carthage The First Punic War Primarily a naval war Tactics: maneuver ship to ram and sink enemy Carthage: very good, experienced naval power Rome: small navy, little experience Defeated repeatedly by Carthaginian navy ROME WINS THE FIRST ONE Rome would not surrender Finally turned tables on Carthage by changing rules of naval warfare Equipped ships with huge hooks and stationed soldiers on ships Would hook enemy ship, pull nearby, board it with soldiers Converted naval warfare into mini-land battles, something Rome was very good at The Second Punic War "Hannibal ad portas" (“Hannibal is at the Gates!”) Carthagian general Hannibal surprises Romans, leads army from Spain, through southern France and the Alps Invades Italy from the north with elephant army Defeats Roman armies sent to stop him several times but hesitates to attack Rome itself Settles on war of attrition in hope of destroying Roman economic base ROME WINS THE SECOND ONE Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, a Roman army sailed across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, and headed for Carthage Led by patrician general Scipio Aemilius Africanus Hannibal forced to leave Italy to protect Carthage Defeated at the Battle of Zama, fought outside the walls of Carthage Hannibal Hannibal-the-Conqueror "I swear that so soon as age will permit . I will use fire and steel to arrest the destiny of Rome." ~~Childhood Hannibal Quote Born about 247 - Died 183BC Hannibal Barca (247-183 BC) *Carthaginian general *Brilliant strategist *Developed tactics of outflanking and surrounding the enemy with the combined forces of infantry and cavalry As a boy of 9, begged his father, Hamilcar Barca, to take him on the campaign in Spain Hamilcar, made him solemnly swear eternal hatred of Rome. •After Hannibal’s defeat, he remained a suffete (civil magistrate) of the newly acquired Roman territory •Organized financial reforms to pay back Rome for their prosecution of war •Political enemies accused him in Rome of conspiring with King Antiochus III of Syria •When Romans sent commission to investigate, fled Carthage and went into hiding •Hannibal poisoned himself when threatened with being taken as a prisoner •He did so in Libyssa, close to today's Istanbul in Turkey. •Ruins of grave site near Diliskelesi, South of Gebze, 60km East of Istanbul “Let us release the Romans from their long anxiety, since they think it too long to wait for the death of an old man.” The Third Punic War Carthage was finished after Second Punic War Hannibal committed suicide Economy shattered Lost all territory to Rome But some Romans feared it might revive someday and challenge Rome again Notably Cato the Elder Pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the face of the map ROME WINS THE THIRD ONE Due to Cato’s persistent efforts, Rome declares war against defenseless Carthage Wins easily Entire population of city sold into slavery Everything of value carried back to Rome Everything else burned and dumped into the sea Site sown with salt so that nothing Carthage completely would ever grow there again disappeared 30 Second Review! In this box, justify your answer above, based on your knowledge and the picture prompt! 30 Second Review! In this box, justify your answer above, based on your knowledge and the picture prompt! 30 Second Review! In this box, justify your answer above, based on your knowledge and the picture prompt! The Punic Wars (I & II): Rome and Carthage Rome: DBQ ● Choose TWO of the DBQs to answer ● Answer the questions for both of your choices ● Use complete sentences ● Justify your answers with evidence from the document.