International Network for Humane Education from guinea pig to computer mouse alternative methods for a progressive, humane education Nick Jukes Mihnea Chiuia InterNICHE Foreword by Gill Langley Second edition, revised and expanded B from guinea pig to computer mouse alternative methods for a progressive, humane education alternative methods for a progressive, humane education 22nd editionedition Nick Jukes, BSc MihneaNick Jukes, Chiuia, BSc MD Mihnea Chiuia, MD InterNICHE B The views expressed within this book are not necessarily those of the funding organisations, nor of all the contributors Cover image (from left to right): self-experimentation physiology practical, using Biopac apparatus (Lund University, Sweden); student-assisted beneficial surgery on a canine patient (Murdoch University, Australia); virtual physiology practical, using SimMuscle software (University of Marburg, Germany) 2nd edition Published by the International Network for Humane Education (InterNICHE) InterNICHE 2003- 2006 © Minor revisions made February 2006 InterNICHE 42 South Knighton Road Leicester LE2 3LP England tel/ fax: +44 116 210 9652 e-mail: [email protected] www.interniche.org Design by CDC (www.designforcharities.org) Printed in England by Biddles Ltd. (www.biddles.co.uk) Printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper: Millstream 300gsm (cover), Evolve 80gsm (text) ISBN: 1-904422-00-4 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library B iv Contributors Jonathan Balcombe, PhD Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), USA Hans A. Braun, PhD Institute of Physiology, University of Marburg, Germany Gary R. Johnston, DVM, MS Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, USA Shirley D. Johnston, DVM, PhD Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, USA Amarendhra M. Kumar, BVSc, MVSc, MS, PhD Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, USA Mykola Makarchuk, PhD Faculty of Biology, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Ukraine Lara Marie Rasmussen, DVM, MS Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, USA R. Ashley Robinson, BVSc, MPH, PhD Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, USA Garry C. Scroop, MBBS, MD, PhD Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Australia Daniel D. Smeak, DVM The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA Henk van Wilgenburg, PhD Department of Pharmacology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands v B Nick Jukes Nick Jukes graduated in the physical sciences from the University of Leicester, England, in 1988. He has been active in progressive social change through campaigning for civil rights, environ- mental responsibility and animal freedom, particularly where these fields intersect. Since the mid-1990s he has co-ordinated InterNICHE, helping to build a diverse and active network of individuals and campaigns working for curricular transformation and humane education within the life sciences. He was co-author of the 1st edition of from Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse, and co-produced the multi-language video Alternatives in Education, both award-winning resources for teachers and students. He has helped co-ordinate the international development of a range of other resources and projects on alternatives, and has spoken widely at events across the world. Nick is also interested in empowerment through psychosynthesis, in photography, and in exploring the human relationship to nature. Mihnea Chiuia Mihnea Chiuia studied medicine in Bucharest, Romania, and obtained his MD degree in 1999. After a year spent as a junior doctor at the Emergency Hospital in Bucharest, he moved to England, where he plans to continue his medical career. From 1994-2000 he was InterNICHE national contact for Romania, working to improve the quality of life science education within the country by promoting alternatives to animal experiments. In 1998 he co-organised the network's 11th International Conference, held in Sighi¸soara, and later focused on alternatives research for the 2nd edition of from Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse. He has been involved in Romania's post-communist transition to civil society by working for the political magazine '22' and its publisher, the Group for Social Dialogue. He has also co-edited the memoirs of one of Romania’s leading surgeons, who documents the changes to the medical profession in the country under communism. Mihnea enjoys music, cycling, and hiking in Romania’s mountains. B vi acknowledgements Acknowledgements This book would not have been possible without the input of energy and resources from a wide community of individuals and organisations. We would like to give special thanks to the funders of this project: Maggie Jennings and Arthur Lindley from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA); Karin Gabrielson from the Swedish Fund for Research Without Animal Experiments; the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW); Theo Capaldo from the New England Anti-Vivisection Society (NEAVS) and Ethical Science and Education Coalition (ESEC); Max Moret and Marina Zumkeller from the Swiss League Against Vivisection (LSCV); Tina Nelson and Katherine Lewis from the American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) and Animalearn. Thank you for your moral and financial support, and your patience. Many thanks also to Voicu Radescu from Green Hours (www.jazz.ro) and to Radu Filipescu from the Group for Social Dialogue (www.ong.ro) for providing free internet access in Bucharest to research the Alternatives File. We are very grateful to the contributors who have written chapters for the book, for sharing their invaluable experience with developing, implementing and assessing alternatives: Jonathan Balcombe, Lara Marie Rasmussen, Hans Braun, Henk van Wilgenburg, Mykola Makarchuk, Garry Scroop, Amarendhra Kumar, Daniel Smeak, Shirley Johnston, Ashley Robinson, and Gary Johnston. Very many thanks as well to Gill Langley from the Dr Hadwen Trust for Humane Research for her foreword, and to Michael Balls, Mary Midgley and Barbara Smuts for their reviews. Ursula Zinko deserves special mention for her work in researching the 1st edition of the book, which provided information upon which to base the early product research for this edition. In the preparation of this edition, Siri Martinsen helped considerably with a number of important tasks, and Thales Tréz, Bruno Lecomte and Monika Perciˇ ´c contributed at other times. All the other InterNICHE national contacts provided their input as well: Olivier Berreville, Deidre Bourke, Cynthia Burnett, Veronika Charvátová, Eriko Gotoh, Martha Gutiérrez, Veronica Hedberg, Dávid Karátson, Heleen van Kernebeek, Goran Knezˇevic´, Hanna Kurppa, Bente Lakjer, Lizbeth Muñoz López, Tamir Lousky, Elena Maroueva, Ulpiano Pérez Marqués, Sungshil Park, Ioana Popescu, Nuria Querol i Viñas, Evald Reintam, Astrid Schneider, Sepehr Shafiezadeh, Irina Tsirkvadze, Draˇzen Vici´c, René Votion, Gina Walsh and Anya Yushchenko. Thanks also to Abe Agulto, James Argent, Marina Berati, Alina Bodnariu, Jana Bohdanová, Jasmijn de Boo, David Bowles, John Callaghan, Manuel Cases, Eva Cechová, Sonja Desnica, David Dewhurst, Fawzy Elnady, Maneka Gandhi, Sheelagh Graham, Jannicke Gram, Sérgio Greif, Franz Gruber, Brian Gunn, Darek Gzyra, John Jiménez, Ana Misˇkovska Kajevska, Lexo Khubulava, Virag Kaufer, Leslie King, Andrew Knight, Liza Kodym-Flanagan, Tannetje Koning, Lynda Korimboccus, Anne Leenknegt, Joy Leney, Valentina Maroueva, Esther van der Meer, Victoria Meshcheryakova, Dita Michalicková, Ross Minett, Gisela Murillo, Makiko Nakano, Jason Nardi, Markéta Pecková, Helena Pedersen, Alexandra Pereira, Shiranee Pereira, Suncˇica Remenar, Riitta vii B acknowledgements Salmi, Adolfo Sansolini, Corinne Schirmer, Roy Schneider, Adrian and Karina Smith, Jasminka Sˇtimac, Ewa Suskiewicz, Tamara Tarnavska, Vanna Tatti, Massimo Tettamanti, Jan van der Valk, Les Ward, Maria Eugénia Webb and Marja Zuidgeest. We would like to acknowledge the important role of the creators and producers of alternatives, for their contribution to best practice within life science education; and of the student conscientious objectors who have helped transform higher education with their humane awareness and action. Credit is due to Matthew Kay, Dolma Beresford and Henrietta Madsen from CDC - Consortium: Design for Charities for their excellent graphic design and layout work; to Hanna Kurppa for the icons used to illustrate the medium for each product; and to Biddles Ltd. for their printing expertise. Nick Jukes would like to thank Kala Subbuswamy for her critical thinking, patience and partnership. Mihnea Chiuia thanks Viorel Nistor (www.gess.ro) for his invaluable technical assistance. Finally, thank you to all the animals that have enriched our lives; and to all the people with vision and ideals, and the skills to make them real. This book is dedicated to the human-animal bond; to heart and mind; and to progressive social change. Nick Jukes Mihnea Chiuia Leicester, England January 2003 (updated February 2006) B viii foreword Foreword When I was studying at Cambridge University in the 1970s, concepts such as respect for all life and a student’s freedom of conscience were dismissed within academia. As one of many second year students of the Natural Sciences, I entered the physiology practical classroom to be faced with dozens of decerebrated rabbits which we had to dissect