Images-within-Images in Italian Painting (1250-1350) Reality and Reflexivity Peter Bokody Plymouth University, UK ASHGATE Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1 Essential Images-within-Images 11 2 Illusionism 37 3 Reality Effect 59 4 Nleta-Images 89 5 Meanings 113 6 Embedded Narrative 141 7 Image and Devotion 171 Conclusion 187 Bibliography 195 Index 221 List of Illustrations Color Plates 1 Model of the Stefaneschi polyptych. 8 Pietro Lorenzetti, St. John the Giotto di Bondone, Stefaneschi polyptych Evangelist Altar, before 1319, fresco. (back), between 1300-1330, tempera on Lower Church, San Francesco, Assisi. wood. Pinacoteca, Vatican. 2014 © Photo © Stefan Diller. Scala, Florence. 9 Reliefs. Expulsion of the Devils from 2 Giotto di Bondone, Envy and Infidelity, Arez20, between 1288-1297, fresco. Upper between 1303-1305, fresco. Arena Chapel, Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Padua. Courtesy of Comune di Padua - Diller. Department of Culture. 10 Frieze. Liberation of the Repentant of Francis. St. Francis and 3 Image St. Heretic, between 1288-1297, fresco. Upper stories his between 1260-1280, of life, Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan on wood. Chiesa di San tempera Diller. Silvestro Museo Diocesano d'Arte Sacra, Orte. 2014 © Photo DeAgostini Picture 11 Verification of the Stigmata, between Library/Scala, Florence. 1288-1297, fresco. Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. 4 Painted cross. St. Francis before the Cross in San between Damiano, 12 Crucifixion. Giotto di Bondone, 1288-1297, fresco. Church, San Upper Allegory of Obedience, 1310s, fresco. Lower Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. 5 Twisted column. Palmerino di Guido, into between 1305-1310, Flight Egypt, 13 Crucifixion. Giotto di Bondone, fresco. Santa Chiara, Assisi. Courtesy of Apparition at the Chapter of Aries, after Alessandro Tomei. 1317, fresco. Bardi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence. © Archivio di Santa 6 Moses and David, c. 1310, fresco. dell'Opera Croce Chapter house, Benedictine Abbey, (ricostruzione ortofotografica di Culturanuova s.r.l. - Arezzo su foto Pomposa. 2014 © Photo Scala, Florence di Antonio - Luciano Romano. Courtesy of the originali Quattrone). Ministero Beni e Att. Culturali. 14 (a-b) Moses and Joshua. Ambrogio 7 Pietro Lorenzetti, St. John the Baptist Lorenzetti, Presentation in the Temple, Altar, before 1319, fresco. Lower Church, between 1339-1342, tempera on wood. San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. Uffizi, Florence. Photo: author. Viii IMAGES-WITHIN-IMACES IN ITALIAN PAINTING (1250-1350) 15 Daniel in the Lion's Den. Morning 1.5 St. Agnes led to the Brothel, after fresco. Santa Maria of the Resurrection, c. 1330, tempera 1332, Donnaregina, © Alinari Florence. on wood. Augustinian Abbey, Naples. Archives, Klosterneuburg. Photo: author. 1.6 Pietro Lorenzetti, St. Sabinus before the Governor 16 Idolatry. Pietro Lorenzetti, Entry Roman of Tuscany, between 1335—42, on wood. National to Jerusalem, before 1319, fresco. Lower tempera London. of the Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Gallery, Courtesy National Diller. Gallery Image Library. 1.7 Giotto di Bondone, and 17 Hare-Hunt. Pietro Lorenzetti, Virgin Child with Saints and Allegorical Figures, Flagellation, before 1319, fresco. Lower between 1315-20, tempera on wood. Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Private collection. Courtesy of the Diller. Wildenstein Archives. 18 Cesi Master (a-b) Angels. (?), Virgin 1.8 St. Francis and stories of his life, and Child, between 1300-1310, fresco. San between 1260-1280, tempera on Porvziano, Spoleto. Photo: author. wood. Chiesa di San Silvestro Museo Diocesano d'Arte Sacra, Orte. 2014 © 19 Taddeo Gaddi, Santa Felicita Charity. Photo DeAgostini Picture Library/Scala, Altarpiece, c. 1354, tempera on wood. Florence. Santa Felicita, Florence. Ccurtesy of Daniele Rossi. 1.9 Saint Francis before the Cross in San Damiano, between 1288-1297, fresco. 20 Taddeo Gaddi, Virtues, between Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © 1328-1330, fresco. Baroncelli Chapel, Stefan Diller. Santa Croce, Florence. © Archivio dell'Opera di Santa Croce (ricostruzione 1.10 Painted cross, twelfth century, ortofotografica di Culturanuova s.r.l tempera on wood. Santa Chiara, Assisi. ©Stefan Diller. - Arezzo su foto originali di Antonio Quattrone). 2.1 Giotto di Bondone, Chancel arch, between 1303-1305, fresco. Arena di Black and White Figures Chapel, Padua. Courtesy of Comune Padua - Department of Culture. 1.1 Giotto di Bondone, Stefaneschi 2.2 Taddeo Gaddi, Fictive niche, after polyptych (back), between 1300-1330, 1328, fresco. Baroncelli Chapel, Santa tempera on wood. Pinacoteca, Vatican. Croce, Florence. 2014 © Photo Scala, 2014 © Photo Scala, Florence. Florence/Fondo Edifici di Culto - Min. dell'Interno. 1.2 Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France; Author Dictating to a Scribe, 2.3 Four Evangelists, between 1305-1315, Moralized Bible, France, before 1235, fresco. San Francesco, Lodi. Courtesy of on Folio 8r, M 240, pigment parchment. Serena Romano. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, 2014. © Photo Pierpont Morgan Library/ 2.4 Simone Martini, Annunciation, Art Florence. Resource/Scala, between 1331-1333, tempera on wood. Uffizi, Florence. © Erich Lessing/Art 1.3 Andrea Pisano, Painting, between Resource, NY. 1337-1343, marble. Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence, Italy. © Nicolo Orsi 2.5 Cimabue, Crucifixion, between Battaglini/Art Resource, NY. 1278-1280, fresco. Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. 1.4 Statue. Earthquake in Asia, between 1315-1318, fresco. Sant'Agostino, Rimini. 2.6 Giotto di Bondone, St. Nicholas Photo: author. Altar, before 1297, fresco. St. Nicholas LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix Chapel, Lower Church, San Francesco, 3.10 Arnolfo di Cambio, Ciborium, Assisi. © Kunsthistorisches Institut in 1285, marble. San Paolo fuori le Mura, Florenz - Max-PIanck-Institut. Rome. © Bibliotheca Hertziana - Max- Planck-Institut. 2.7 Pietro Lorenzetti, St. John the Evangelist Altar, before 1319, fresco. 3.11 Expulsion of the Devils from Arezzo, Lower Church, San Francesco, Assisi. between 1288-1297, fresco. Upper Church, © Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz - San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. Max-PIanck-Institut. 3.12 Central arch. Arch of Septimius 2.8 Simone Martini, St. Elisabeth Altar, Severus, AD 203, marble. Rome. © Index before 1319, fresco. Lower Church, San of Christian Art, Lois Drewer Collection. Francesco, Assisi. © Kunsthistorisches 3.13 St. Francis the Institut in Florenz - Max-PIanck-Institut. before Sultan, between 1288-1297, fresco. Upper 3.1 Dormition of the Virgin, c. 1265, Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan fresco. Holy Trinity Church, Sopocani. Diller. Courtesy of BLAGO Fund, Inc, USA. See www.srpskoblago.org. 3.14 The Vision of Friar Augustine and the Bishop of Assisi, between 1288-1297, 3.2 Statue. Dormition of the Virgin, fresco. Upper Church, San Francesco, c. 1265, fresco. Holy Trinity Church, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. Sopocani. Courtesy of BLAGO Fund, Inc, USA. See www.srpskoblago.org. 3.15 St. Clare Mourning St. Francis, between 1288-1297, fresco. Upper 3.3 Ytalia. Cimabue, St. Mark the Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Evangelist, between 1278-1280, fresco. Diller. Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. 3.16 Liberation of the Repentant Heretic, between 1288-1297, fresco. Upper Church, 3.4 St. Peter Basilica. Cimabue, St. Mark San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. the Evangelist, between 1278-1280, fresco. 4.1 Giotto di between Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Bondone, Justice, fresco. Arena Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz - 1303-1305, Chapel, of di - Max-PIanck-Institut Padua. Courtesy Comune Padua Department of Culture. 3.5 Cimabue, Peter Healing the Disabled, 4.2 Giotto di between 1278-1280, fresco. Upper Bondone, Injustice, between fresco. Arena Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan 1303-1305, Padua. of Comune di Diller. Chapel, Courtesy Padua - Department of Culture. 3.6 Caryatids. St. Jerome, between 4.3 Venetian between 1288-1297, fresco. Upper Church, San painter, Diptych, 1300-1350, and on Francesco, Assisi. © Kunsthistorisches tempera gold wood. Christian Museum, Institut in Florenz - Max-PIanck-Institut. Esztergom. © Kereszteny Miizeum, Esztergom. 3.7 Vision of the Thrones, between Photograph by Attila Mudrak. 1288-1297, fresco. Upper Church, San 4.4 Follower of Bernardo Daddi, Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. Virgin ofBagnolo with Saints Catherine of Alexandria and c. 3.8 St. Francis Honored by a Simple Man Zenobius, 1335, tempera ofAssisi, between 1288-1297, fresco. on wood. Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi. © Florence. 2014 © Photo Scala, Florence. Stefan Diller. 4.5 Giotto di Bondone, Allegory of fresco. Lower 3.9 Temple of Minerva, first century Obedience, 1310s, Church, BC. Assisi. Photo: author. San Francesco, Assisi. © Stefan Diller. X IMAGES-WITIIIN-IMAGES IN ITALIAN PAINTING (1250-1350) 4.6 Giotto di Bondone, Apparition at Chapel, Padua. Courtesy of Comune di the Chapter ofAries, after 1317, fresco. Padua - Department of Culture. Bardi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence. © Archivio dell'Opera di Santa Croce 6.5 Giotto di Bondone, Washing of the (ricostruzione ortofotografica di Feet, between 1303-1305, fresco. Arena Culturanuova s.r.l. - Arezzo su foto Chapel, Padua. Courtesy of Comune di originali di Antonio Quattrone). Padua - Department of Culture. 4.7 Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Presentation in 6.6 Eagle with Serpent.