Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 A study on creating a user-centered wellness design evaluation tool for healthcare design: focusing on the analysis of user’s experience in the main lobby of a healthcare facility Yongyeon Cho Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Architecture Commons, and the Art and Design Commons Recommended Citation Cho, Yongyeon, "A study on creating a user-centered wellness design evaluation tool for healthcare design: focusing on the analysis of user’s experience in the main lobby of a healthcare facility" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15895. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15895 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A study on creating a user-centered wellness design evaluation tool for healthcare design: Focusing on the analysis of user’s experience in the main lobby of a healthcare facility by Yongyeon Cho A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF FINE ARTS Major: Interior Design Program of Study Committee: Jihyun Song, Major Professor Ç igdem Akkurt Cameron Campbell Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 Copyright © Yongyeon Cho, 2016. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………. ........................................ xi ABSTRACT………………………………. .............................................................. xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................... 1 Significance/Reason for the Study ....................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................ 3 Research Questions .............................................................................................. 3 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................... 4 Limitation s of the Study ...................................................................................... 4 Definitions of Terms ............................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................... 9 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 9 Wellness Concept................................................................................................. 9 Definition of health, well-being, and wellness ........................................ 9 National health goals and trends in the concept of wellness ................... 15 Health of Iowans .............................................................................. 16 Health and wellness in building environment .................................. 19 Theories and areas of study relevant to the wellness concept ................. 22 Psychoneuroimmunology and stress ................................................ 22 Healing environment ........................................................................ 23 Supportive design theory ................................................................. 25 Active design in building the environment ...................................... 26 Design Issues that Affect a User’s Wellness in a Healthcare Environment ........ 28 User experience ........................................................................................ 28 Positive distractions ................................................................................. 29 Sense of control........................................................................................ 31 Social support........................................................................................... 33 Safety and security ................................................................................... 35 Quality of User’s Experience in a Healthcare Main Lobby ................................. 36 Improvement of user’s facility experience ............................................... 37 Entrance experience ........................................................................ 37 Check-in experience........................................................................ 38 Waiting experience ......................................................................... 38 iii Wayfinding experience ................................................................... 40 Amenities ........................................................................................ 41 Optimal positive distractions .................................................................... 42 Natural element ................................................................................ 42 Sensory aspects ................................................................................ 43 Enhancing user’s sense of control............................................................. 45 Privacy ............................................................................................. 45 Physical activities............................................................................. 46 Aspects of social support .......................................................................... 47 Furniture layout ................................................................................ 47 Space configuration ......................................................................... 48 Enhancement of safety and security ......................................................... 49 Entry access control ......................................................................... 49 Cleanness ......................................................................................... 50 Hand washing and hygiene .............................................................. 51 Healthcare Design Evaluation Tools and Guidelines .......................................... 52 Summary .............................................................................................................. 55 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 58 Overview .............................................................................................................. 58 Content Analysis .................................................................................................. 59 Survey ............................................................................................................... 61 Hypothesis of the Survey ............................................................................... 62 Population of the Survey ................................................................................ 63 Instruments for the Survey ............................................................................. 64 Testing Procedures and Method of the Survey .............................................. 65 CHAPTER IV RESULTS ....................................................................................... 68 Overview .............................................................................................................. 68 Results of Content Analysis ................................................................................. 68 Survey Procedure and Results ............................................................................. 79 Hypothesis 1 and Survey Analysis ................................................................ 85 Hypothesis 2 and Survey Analysis ................................................................ 91 Hypothesis 3 and Survey Analysis ................................................................ 93 Hypothesis 4 and Survey Analysis ................................................................ 97 Summary of Result .............................................................................................. 100 CHAPTER V DEVELOPMENT OF A DESIGN EVALUATION TOOL ........... 102 Wellness Design Evaluation Tool for the Design of Main Entry Lobby in a Healthcare facility .................................... 102 Wellness Design Evaluation Tool .................................................................. 102 Wellness Design Evaluation Tool: A Reference Guide ................................. 109 iv CHAPTER VI DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS .......................................... 121 Overview .............................................................................................................. 121 Practice of Testing Wellness Design Evaluation Tool: A Case Study ................ 121 Type A Hospital ............................................................................................. 123 Type B Hospital ............................................................................................