THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY K 63w I/./ MONOGRAPHIA APUM ANGLIJE, IN TWO VOLUMES. Vol. I. MONOGRAPHIA APUM ANGLIJE; OB, AN ATTEMPT TO DIVIDE INTO THEIR NATURAL GENERA AND FAMILIES^ - SUCH SPECIES OF THE LINNEAN GENUS AS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED IN ENGLAND: WITH Descriptions and Observations. To which are prefixed ^OME INTRODUCTORY REMARKS UPON THE CLASS !|)gmcnoptera> AND A Synoptical Table of the Nomenclature of the external Parts of these Insects. WITH PLATES. VOL. I. By WILLIAM KIRBY, B. A. F. L. S. Rector ofBarham in Suffolk. Ecclus. XI. 3. IPSWICH : Printedfor the Author ly J. Raw, AND SOLD BY J, WHITE, FLEET-STREET. LONDON, e 1802. ; V THOMAS MARSHAM, ESQ. T. L. S. P. R. I. DEAR SIR, To whom can I Inscribe this little work, such as it is, with more propriety, than to him whose partiality first urged me to undertake it and whose kind assistance and liberal communica- tions have contributed so largely to bring it to a concUision. Accept it, therefore, my dear Sir, as a small token of esteem for many virtues, and of grati- tude for many favors, conferred upon YOUR OBLIGED AND AFFECTIONATE FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. -^ Barham. May \, 1802, '3XiM'Kt Magna opera Jehov^, explorata omnibus volentibus ea. Fs. cxi. 2. Additional note to the history of Ap's Manicata p. 172-6. Since this work was printed off, the author met with the following passage in the Rev. Gilbert White's Naturalist's Calendar (p. IO9); which confinns what he has observed upon the history of that insect: "There is a sort of wild bee frequent- ing the garden campion for the sake of its tomentum, which probably it turns to some purpose in the business of nidifica- tion. It is very pleasant to see with what address it strips off the pubes, running from the top to the bottom of a branch, and shaving it bare with all the dexterity of a hoop-shaver. When it has got a bundle almost as large as itself, it flies away, holding it secure between its chin and its fore legs." Directions to the binderfor placing the plates. Vol. I. Plate 1 to face page 22/ 2 229 3 231 4 233 5 235 6 237 7 239 8 241 9 243 10 245 11 247 12 249 13 251 14 253 Vol. IL 15 385 16 386 17 387 18 388 Vol. I. ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. Page 22 line lo from the bottom, and p. 106, line 12, /^r Villars, read Villers. 32 line penult, yir elongata, read elongatae. 815 line aattpenult, /fjr which Falincius feparated from Apis, read into wliich Fabricius divided Apis ic6 line 7 from the bottoai, /or Tuberculi, read Tubercula. 130 and < 34 note, line i, dele Latr. 146 line I J, ^/(fr de|):efliuftulo, jz/^rf punftis excavatis exafperato; an;! line 4 from t'le bottom, after minuto, injert trjnco puniiis excavatis ux.ifperato. 177 lines I, 2, lor ano^ •ventre, xtaA anus, venter. 1S5 line 6 from the ivjttom, after minuto, put <: comma, ana :nfert interioribus lineari-lanceolatis, quam txteriores brevi- oribus. 2QD lines 3, ^~ for abdomine oblongo, interdnm e> fu' triangular!, reai/ ab.-iomine fiibiri;.n'i,ulari, interc!um oblongo. 217 line 4 from che bottom, after a, injert ^, Z18 line 5- for couiiti, read fubd:{tin<5li. 229 line 4 from the bottom, for. fraQ-x, rend fraifti. 238 line 6, for fpinulae — ferruiats, read fpinula— ferrulata. 247 lirie "Ji for inteiiores, read intCrioris. 24 S line penult, for inteiiores, read exteriores. 258 line li after exutus, infert a a. mokculae. Vol. n. Page 13 line 6 from the bottona, /or fupra nudlufciila, r?W cinereo-fub- puhefcens. 14 line T, /or ciiiereo-Aibvillofa, read fupranudiufcula. 15 line 3 from the bottom, /or Lineella, read Linnaeella. line lilt, for Bankiana, read Bankfiana. J7 line 9 froin the bottom, and page 35, line $, fr Jacobeae, read Jacobaese. iS line 13, for ferrugineo, read ferruginea. 23 line <), for fubpiibefcens, read fuHpubefcente. 24 line 7 from the bottom, for rufefcentibus, read flavefcentibus. 25 line 4, &ZZ. alter the def.ni:ion tkus : rottir.J.ta A. Krifefcente-vil- lofa ; ore fiavo ; abdomine ft-ginenti<: margins fubrufisj thorace /"cw/wM nir;ricnntf, majculo fulvo. 27 line 2, for Francillonana, read Francilloneila, 28 line 6, for Scrimpfliir.ina, read Scrimlhirana. 41 line 17 for tubsrculi hitei, read tubercula lutea. 45 line 16 for I, read 15. 56 line r, after fu'phurei, infert rufo-variegati. 58 line 4 from the t^ottorn, aft?r nigrae, iuje'rt fubtus obfcure fulvse. 13^ line !2 from the bottom, for hic, read hue. 186 line 12 from the bottom, /or ferru^ineas, read ferruginea. 25 I lines 8, 9 from the bottom, after manifeftatori, and jaculatorl, in- fert a comma. 309 line 3 from the bottom, after antennse, injert in noftro fpeci- mine. 316 line i-j, for angnliim, tend angiilo. 331 line 14, after Latreille, irfcrt a comma. 332 line 3 from the bottom, for ad, read in. 343 line 16, after D, add D. PREFACE. TX7HEN the author of the following work ^ first turned his attention to the English ^pes, he had no expectation of meeting with half the number of species that he has now described ; nor had he any other view, than to draw up a short paper to he read at the Linnean Society, and in- ^ serted, if deemed sufficiently interesting, in the Transactions of that learned body : but as he pro- ceeded in his undertaking, so much was to be said, it seemed necessary to introduce so many altera- tions, and such a number of species unexpectedly flowed in upon him from a variety of sources ; that, instead of a short paper, he found he had collected materials sufficient for more than a volume : upon this he changed his original intention, and deter- mined to submit his performance himself, not without considerable apprehensions he confesses, to the eye of the public. Having said this, it may not be improper to give the entomological reader a short sketch of what the author has attempted in this publication. In the a first ' ; vi PREFACE. - first place, in the Introductory Remarks, and Ad- denda to the first volume, he has given some ac- count of the rise, progress, and present state of the class Hymenoptera ; and pointed out such improve- ments, as he thinks it will admit : he then proceeds to examine what advances the s:enus of which he proposes to treat has made towards perfection. Under each of these heads he has introduced some strictures upon the system of Fabricius, which the occasion seemed to demand: and here he hopes that the friends and admirers of that celebrated entomologist will do him the justice to believe that he has been actuated solely by a desire to promota the cause of truth, and of his favorite science, which, as he conceives, have suffered very materi- iMk. ally by the introduction of that system. The work itself begins with a Tabula synoptCca nomenclaturce partium. Upon the construction of this the author has bestowed the greatest attention and he trusts that it will be found nearly, if not altogether, a complete enumeration of the external parts of the insects of which he treats. Their in- ternal anatomy he has passed over, as not entering within the limits of his plan. This table, if he is not greatly mistaken, with a few slight alterations, may be made to agree with all Hymenopterous in- sects. In it he has introduced and named several parts unnoticed by Linneus, and most other wri- ters in entomology. This is followed by an ex- planation of the terms used in this table, and the following PREFACE. Vii following work. Having thus prepared .the way, he next points out those characters, which appear to him to distinguish the genus in question; and assigns his reasons for dividing into two genera those insects which by Linneus were considered as genuine Apes, subjoining their Essential, Artifi- cial, and Natural Characters. With respect to the last, though he varies from the practice, yet he conforms to the precept of Linneus (a); and he thinks that Fabricius has rendered no small service to the science of entomology by the introduction of them. Then succeed, what appear to him, after combining anatomy with habit, economy, and affi- nities, the natural families into which these two genera may properly be divided. And here, to trace the footsteps, and elucidate the system of nature, and nature's God, has invari- ably been his aim; to discover the wonderful works, and adore the wisdom of his Creator, his highest pleasure; and to point out his meaning, and see things where he has placed them, his single desire. Unattached to hypothesis, he has made haste to give up errors as soon as he has detected them, and he has taken every step within his power to arrive at the truth. With respect to this part of his undertaking, he has not been satisfied with dis- (a) Linneus, in his Methodus demonstrandi lapides, vecretali^ da aut animalia, under the head Genus, includes as a necessary- adjunct. " Character Naturalis omnes notas churacleristicas possibiles exhibens." a 2 seating Viii PREFACE. secting a single insect in each family; on the con* trary, he has omitted no opportunity of examina- tion; and in those subdivisions in which the pro- boscis {h), and its parts seemed most subject to variation, he has inspected that organ in almost ever}^ individual that he has described. But still, notwithstanding all his care, he cannot flatter him- self that he is altogether exempt from error.