‘Once you have flown, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skyward, for there you have been, and there you long to return’. Leonardo da Vinci The hot air balloon is the oldest successful human-carrying flight technology. Hot air balloon created on December 14, 1782 by the Montgolfier brothers. On November 21, 1783, in Paris, France, the first flight was performed by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes . Hot air balloons that can be propelled through the air rather than just being pushed along by the wind are known as airships or, thermal airships. In the year 1783, Joseph Montgolfier, his brother, Jacques-Etinenne Montgolfier along with French scientist Pilatre de Rozier invented the modern hot air balloons and on 5th June 1783 it was launched. A hot air balloon consists of a bag called the envelope that is capable of containing heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), it carries passengers and (usually) a source of heat, in most cases an open flame. The heated air inside the envelope makes it buoyant since it has a lower density than the relatively cold air outside the envelope. As with all aircraft, hot air balloons cannot fly beyond the atmosphere. First manned flight The brothers Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier developed a hot air balloon in Annonay, Ardeche, France, and demonstrated it publicly on September 19, 1783 with an unmanned flight lasting 10 minutes. After experimenting with unmanned balloons and flights with a rooster,duck and a sheep. The first balloon flight with humans aboard—a tethered flight—performed on or around October 15, 1783 by Etienne Montgolfier who made at least one tethered flight from the yard of the Reveillon workshop in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine . Historical magazine “Travelling towards multicultural Europe” 9 Today Modern hot air balloons, with an onboard heat source, were developed by Ed Yost, beginning during the 1950s; his work resulted in his first successful flight, on October 22, 1960. Envelope Modern hot air balloons are usually made of light-weight and strong synthetic fabrics such as ripstop nylon or dacron (a polyester). The individual sections, which extend from the throat to the crown (top) of the envelope, are known as gores or gore sections. Envelopes can have as few as 4 gores or as many as 24 or more. Seams The most common technique for sewing panels together is called the French felled, French fell, or double lap seam simply with two rows of parallel stitching, and a zigzag, where parallel zigzag stitching holds Other methods include a flat lap seam, in which the two pieces of fabric are held together a double lap of fabric. Coatings The fabric (or at least part of it, the top 1/3 for example) may be coated with a sealer, such as silicone or polyurethane Historical magazine “Travelling towards multicultural Europe” 10 Sizes and capacity A range of envelope sizes is available. The smallest, one-person, basket-less balloons (called "Hoppers" or "Cloudhoppers") have as little as 600 m3 of envelope volume; for a perfect sphere the radius would be around 5 m . At the other end of the scale, balloons used by commercial sightseeing operations may be able to carry well over two dozen people, with envelope volumes of up to 17,000 m3 .The most- used size is about 2,800 m3 , and can carry 3 to 5 people. The most common type of top vent is a disk-shaped flap of fabric called a parachute vent, invented by Tracy Barnes. The fabric is connected around its edge to a set of "vent lines" that converge in the center. (The arrangement of fabric and lines roughly resembles a parachute—thus the name.) Shape Besides special shapes, there are several variations on the traditional "inverted tear drop" shape. The simplest, often used by home builders, is a hemisphere on top of a truncated cone. Burner A burner directing a flame into the envelope. The burner unit gasifies liquid propane, mixes it with air, ignites the mixture, and directs the flame and exhaust into the mouth of the envelope. Fuel tanks Propane fuel tanks are usually cylindrical pressure vessels made from aluminium, stainless steel, or titanium with a valve at one end to feed the burner and to refuel. They may have a fuel gauge and a pressure gauge. Common tank sizes are 10 , 15 , and 20 US gallons (liters). They may be intended for upright or horizontal use, and may be mounted inside or outside the basket. Historical magazine “Travelling towards multicultural Europe” 11 ARDA ÖZTÜRKÇE (2F) DOĞA AKBOĞA (2F) EDA AVKIRAN (2F) EMİR PINAR (2F) Historical magazine “Travelling towards multicultural Europe” 12 KAĞAN KASPAK (2F) NAY IŞIK (2F) ELİF SARIHAN (2F) Historical magazine “Travelling towards multicultural Europe” 13 MIL CONTROL,SOFT WIND, STEERAGE,LEVEL,FLIGHT,FLYING,COMPETITION,LIFT,PROPANE,BURNER,NITROG EN,BOW,FESTIVAL,HELIUM,DOWN DRAFT,PILOT,BASKET,HOT AIR,SOLAR Historical magazine “Travelling towards multicultural Europe” 14 .