See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320625294 New Species of Jaspidiconus (Conidae: Conilithinae) from the Carolinian and Caribbean Molluscan Provinces Article · August 2017 CITATION READS 1 46 3 authors, including: David Berschauer University of California, Irvine 29 PUBLICATIONS 23 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity Studies View project All content following this page was uploaded by David Berschauer on 26 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ISSN 0738-9388 237 Volume: 49 THE FESTIVUS ISSUE 3 New Species of Jaspidiconus (Conidae: Conilithinae) from the Carolinian and Caribbean Molluscan Provinces Edward J. Petuch 1, David P. Berschauer 2, and André Poremski 3 1 Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431 [email protected] 2 25461 Barents Street, Laguna Hills, California 92653 [email protected] 3 51 S Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20001 [email protected] ABSTRACT Seven new species of the western Atlantic endemic genus Jaspidiconus Petuch, 2004 are described from the Carolinian and Caribbean Molluscan Provinces. These new taxa include: J. chaac and J. ixchel, which are restricted to the eastern Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico (Yucatanean Subprovince of the Carolinian Molluscan Province); J. chinchorroensis, which is endemic to the Banco Chinchorro Atoll off Quintana Roo State, Mexico (Antillean Subprovince of the Caribbean Molluscan Province); J. lusca, which is endemic to the Turks and Caicos Islands (Antillean Subprovince of the Caribbean Molluscan Province); J. kellyae, which is endemic to the San Blas Islands of northern Panama (Nicaraguan Subprovince of the Caribbean Molluscan Province); J. tayrona, which is endemic to northern Colombia (Venezuelan Subprovince of the Caribbean Molluscan Province); and J. booti, which is endemic to Aruba (Grenadian Subprovince of the Caribbean Molluscan Province). KEY WORDS Cone Shell, Conidae, Conilithinae, Jaspidiconus, Carolinian Molluscan Province, Caribbean Molluscan Province. INTRODUCTION veliger, allowing it to disperse throughout the Tropical Western Atlantic Region. All of the The cone shell genus Jaspidiconus Petuch, 2004 other Jaspidiconus species have very limited is of particular interest, biogeographically and distributions, with most being found only on evolutionarily, in that it is completely restricted isolated islands, reef complexes, or offshore to the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic, banks, indicating that they have direct both in the Recent fauna and in the fossil record development and do not disperse throughout the (Petuch, 2004). This American endemic genus region. This discovery led the second author ranges throughout the Carolinian, Caribbean, (Berschauer, 2015) to compare the western and Brazilian Molluscan Provinces and has Atlantic Jaspidiconus species radiation with the undergone an extensive species radiation since non-dispersing Africonus Petuch, 1974 species the mid-Pleistocene. Of this large species radiation from the Cape Verde Islands off West swarm, only one, Jaspidiconus mindanus Africa (the largest single cone shell radiation (Hwass, 1792), is wide-ranging, occurring in all currently recorded in the world). three western Atlantic Molluscan Provinces. This pan-provincial distribution indicates that J. Based upon recent research by several cone mindanus has a long-lived planktotrophic shell workers (Petuch and Sargent, 2011; ISSN 0738-9388 238 Volume: 49 THE FESTIVUS ISSUE 3 Poremski, 2014; Tucker, 2015; Berschauer, SYSTEMATICS 2015; Petuch, Berschauer, and Poremski, 2015; Petuch, Berschauer, and Poremski, 2016), 35 We here follow the newest systematic species of Jaspidiconus are now known from arrangement for the Conoidea (Uribe, Puillandre, the Carolinian and Caribbean Molluscan and Zardoya, 2017; Bouchet, personal Provinces and more than 25 additional species communication), which recombines the family are known from the Brazilian Molluscan Conilithidae Tucker and Tenorio, 2009 with the Province (outside the scope of this paper). This family Conidae. The conilithids are here makes the genus the largest-known and most considered to belong to a subfamily species-rich group of cones in the western (Conilithinae) within the family Conidae. The Atlantic. Since the descriptions of all of these holotypes of the following new taxa are taxa, we have received, or personally collected deposited in the type collection of the (André Poremski), seven additional new species, Department of Malacology, Los Angeles all from the Carolinian and Caribbean County Museum of Natural History, Los Molluscan Provinces. These are described in the Angeles, California, and bear LACM numbers. following sections and listed here by biogeographical unit: Class Gastropoda Subclass Orthogastropoda Carolinian Molluscan Province Superorder Caenogastropoda (biogeographical designations taken from Order Sorbeoconcha Petuch, 2013) Infraorder Neogastropoda Superfamily Conoidea Yucatanean Subprovince Family Conidae Jaspidiconus chaac new species Subfamily Conilithinae Jaspidiconus ixchel new species Genus Jaspidiconus Petuch, 2004 Caribbean Molluscan Province Antillean Subprovince New Species from the Yucatanean Jaspidiconus chinchorroensis new species Subprovince (Carolinian Jaspidiconus lusca new species Molluscan Province) Nicaraguan Subprovince Jaspidiconus kellyae new species Jaspidiconus chaac Petuch, Berschauer Venezuelan Subprovince and Poremski new species Jaspidiconus tayrona new species (Figure 1A) Grenadian Subprovince Jaspidiconus booti new species Description: Shell small for genus, stocky and rotund, broad across shoulder; spire distinctly The high level of biodiversity of the genus pyramidal, with highly sloping whorls, and with Jaspidiconus, including these seven new species, whorls being rounded and convex; shoulder will be discussed in an up-coming book on rounded, without distinct angle or carina; body worldwide marine molluscan biogeography whorl smooth and polished, ornamented with (Petuch, Berschauer, and Myers, CRC Press). 10-12 deeply-incised and widely-separated spiral sulci around anterior half; shell color pale pinkish-tan, overlaid with dense network of ISSN 0738-9388 239 Volume: 49 THE FESTIVUS ISSUE 3 amorphous small reddish-tan flammules; 2 strong pustules that characterize its congener. broad bands of darker reddish-brown flammules The two congeners also differ greatly in color; encircle body whorl near mid-body, with with Jaspidiconus anaglypticus being a narrow pale pink band separating both; spire uniformly bright orange or yellow-orange shell, whorls marked with dark reddish-tan, widely- while the Yucatan J. chaac has a much more separated and evenly-spaced crescent-shaped subdued color scheme of pale pink and reddish- flammules; flammules on last spire whorl tan. The species name for this newly-discovered extend over shoulder angle; aperture cone, and that of the next new species, are taken proportionally wide, becoming larger toward from the Mayan pantheon. anterior end; interior of aperture pale cream within interior; protoconch excerted, Jaspidiconus ixchel Petuch, Berschauer proportionally large, bulbous, mammilate, and Poremski new species composed of 2 whorls, white in color. (Figure 1 B) Type Material: HOLOTYPE: length 14.5 mm, Description: Shell small for genus, stocky, with width 8.0 mm, from off Playa del Carmen, sharply-angled, carinated shoulder and Quintana Roo, Mexico, LACM 3478; Other distinctly stepped, scalariform spire; body whorl material examined: length 15.0 mm, width 9.0 shiny and polished, ornamented with 15-18 mm, from the same locality as the holotype, in strong, deeply-incised spiral sulci over entire the research collection of the senior author. surface, giving shell rough texture; shell color pale violet-purple with pink overtones, overlaid Type Locality: 2.5 m depth off Playa del with 18 spiral rows of small brown dots and Carmen, Quintana Roo State, Mexico (Yucatan dashes and with large, scattered amorphous dark Peninsula). Collected by André Poremski, 2017. brown flammules, mostly arranged in a band around mid-body; anterior canal lighter in color Range: At present, known only from the than body whorl; spire whorls marked with row northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula and of tiny, evenly-spaced dark brown dots along Quintana Roo State, Mexico. suture and with widely-scattered larger dark brown spots on edge of shoulder and along Ecology: The new species prefers open hard shoulder carina; aperture wide, becoming wider limestone sea floors, covered with coral rubble toward anterior end, colored deep reddish- and carbonate silt and devoid of vegetation, in brown within interior; protoconch mammilate, 2-3 m depths (data from André Poremski). protracted, composed of 2 whorls. Etymology: Named for Chaac, the Mayan rain Type Material: HOLOTYPE: length 18.3 mm, god. width 9.9 mm, from off Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo, Mexico, LACM 3479; Other material Discussion: With its stocky, inflated body examined: 2 specimens, lengths 15.0 mm and whorl and rounded shoulder, Jaspidiconus 16.0 mm, from the same locality as the holotype, chaac most closely resembles J. anaglypticus in the research collection of the senior author; (Crosse, 1865) from Puerto Rico and the length 14.0 mm, width 6.9 mm, same locality as Greater Antilles (Antillean Subprovince, the holotype, in the Berschauer research