Outbreaks of Avian Influenza in Russian Federation in 2016-2018 Deputy director ILYA A. CHVALA Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» Overview of HPAI H5 outbreaks 2005 – 2007: 237 HPAI (H5N1) outbreaks in Russia have been reported in 24 regions of the country, ~ 2,8 million birds died and destroyed, 9 commercial farms affected 2008 – 1 HPAI in the Far East (H5N1, domestic birds: backyard poultry died after feeding them offal of wild birds caught in the hunt) 2009 – 2010: 2 HPAI (H5N1, wild birds in Tyva Rep.) 2011 – 2013: no cases, no HPAIVs detections & isolations 2014 – 2 HPAI cases (H5N1) in domestic birds in Altay territory: backyard poultry died after feeding them offal of wild birds caught in the hunt 2014 – 1 HPAIV H5N8 detection in healthy wigeon in the Rep. of Sakha (Buan- like (2.3.4.4 lineage A) 2015 – 3 outbreaks in wild birds (H5N1) in Tyva, Astrakhan, Transbaikal regions, and 3 cases of detection/isolation (H5N1) from healthy wild birds in Novosibirsk region (Mallards, Rooks, Cranes) 2016, June – 1 outbreak in wild birds (H5N8, Gochang-like viruses (2.3.4.4 lineage B), Republic of Tyva 2016 (autumn) – 2018 - new «wave» of H5 HPAI (clade 2.3.4.4 lineage B) Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 3 HPAI H5N8 cases in Russia, May 2016 • The virus H5N8 was detected and isolated in samples from wild bird carcasses found in surroundings of Ubsu-Noor Lake in Republic of Tyva: Grey Heron - 4 (4 positive), Common Tern -2 (1 positive), Great Crested Grebe 1 (1 positive), Black-Headed Gull 6 (6 positive), and 2-3 days old Duckling (non identified species) -1 (1 positive). The virus was also detected in 4 of 19 shot Great Cormorants • This is a first A/H5N8 Gochang-like viruses (clade 2.3.4.4, lineage B) detection in wild birds in Russia • In all previous cases in Ubsu-Noor Lake, Rep. of Tyva, HPAIV H5N1 were detected: 2006 - clade 2.2; 2009-2010 – clade 2.3.2; 2015 – clade 2.3.2.1.c. Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 4 HPAI H5N8 outbreaks in 2016 2016, August and October: HPAIV (H5N8, clade 2.3.4.4) was detected in healthy gadwall and wild duck in Kurgan and Tatarstan regions by «Vector» Institute, Novosibirsk, Ministry of Health 07.11.16 - outbreaks in 2 villages in backyard birds (chickens, geese, guinea fowl), Republic of Kalmykia. 203 birds were died or destroyed; 02.12.16 - outbreak in poultry (commercial layers), Astrakhanskaya oblast. 649226 hens were died or destroyed. According to the state administration, in 2016 the «Kharablinskaya» farm produced 130 million of table eggs (on the whole in the region - 344 million eggs); 08.12.16 - outbreak in backyard poultry, Krasnodarskiy Kray (86 birds); 26.12.16 - outbreak in family farm, Krasnodarskiy Kray. 5478 waterfowl birds (duck and geese) were died or destroyed. 27.12.16 - 2 outbreaks in poultry (commercial fattening turkeys), Rostovskaya oblast. 221488 birds were died or destroyed. Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 5 - Eurodon («Yevrodon» as reported to OIE) is a modern high-tech poultry- farming enterprise for the production of turkey meat. One of the leaders in production of turkey meat in Russian market. - Breed the cross BIG-6 turkey. - It has more than 300 poultry houses, and annually produces more than 60 - 100,000 tons of meat. - At the time of the outbreak of influenza, at all sites, there were approximately 12 million birds. - The AI H5N8 virus was detected only in a few poultry houses - The same virus was detected in a jay (Garrulus glandarius) found dead on the territory of a poultry farm - Due to the diagnosis and destruction of infected herds, it was possible to prevent the spread of the disease. - The damage exceeded one billion rubles or 16.7 million US dollars. The insurance did not cover all costs. Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 6 Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 7 Outbreaks of influenza A/H5N8 in January- February 2017 01-05.01.17 – the virus was detected in dead swans in 2 districts of the Krasnodar Krai, not far from the Black Sea (229 carcases were destroyed), 03.01.17 – an outbreak in the Zoo in Voronezh: 176 birds were destroyed or died (including rare and exotic species), 12.01.17 – an outbreak in backyard poultry in Chechen Rep. (80 birds), 17.02.17 – the virus was detected in 3 dead swans in the Kaliningrad region, coast of the Baltic Sea, 28.02.17 – an outbreak in the breeding poultry center «Smena» of the Moscow region (218521 chicken were died or destroyed) Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 8 The outbreak of HPAI in «Smena» poultry farm of the Moscow Region, 28.02.17. Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 9 Outbreaks of influenza A/H5N8 in the Moscow Region - 6 cases were registered in backyard poultry in Mozhaysk, Orekhovo- Zuevsky, Pushkinsky, Pavlovsky-Posad districts in March, 2017 (211 birds were died or destroyed). - An outbreak in the «Orlovskoe» poultry farm in the Schelkovo district in March, 2017 (227136 layers were died or destroyed). - The outbreak in backyard poultry in Lotoshinsky and Noginsk districts in April, 2017 (53 birds were died or destroyed). - The last case in the Moscow region occurred in backyard poultry in Orekhovo-Zuevsky district in August, 2017 (64 birds were died or destroyed). Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 10 Outbreaks of influenza A/H5N8 in April, 2017, Rostov region - 13.04.17 – outbreak in «Markinskaya» poultry farm. 299074 layers were died or destroyed - 16-21.04.17 – outbreaks in «Yevrodon-Yug 7», «Yevrodon-Yug 5» and «Yevrodon UP2» poultry farms. 448074 turkeys were died or destroyed «Markinskaya» poultry farm «Yevrodon-Yug 7», «Yevrodon-Yug 5» and «Yevrodon UP2» poultry farms Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 11 HPAI outbreaks in May, 2017: 12 outbreaks in 5 regions Date Region Affected poultry 02-10.05.17 6 outbreaks in backyard poultry in Rep. of Tatarstan 1153 birds 03.05.17 «Laishevskaya» poultry farm in Rep. of Tatarstan 528500 layers 11-17.05.17 2 outbreaks in backyard poultry in Rep. of Mariy-El 70 birds 11.05.17 outbreak in backyard poultry in Samarskaya Oblast 70 birds 12.05.17 outbreak in backyard poultry in Nizhegorodskaya 1856 birds Oblast 18.05.17 outbreak in backyard poultry in Udmurtskaya 144 birds Respublika Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 12 Outbreaks of HPAI A/H5 in the 2nd half of 2017 - A/H5N8 virus in backyard poultry in Orekhovo-Zuevsky district of Moscow region in August, 2017 (64 birds were died or destroyed), - A/H5N8 virus in backyard poultry in Rostovskaya oblast in October and November, 2017 (5888 birds were died or destroyed), - A/H5N2 virus in «Kostromskaya» poultry farm, Kostromskaya Oblast in December, 2017 (704720 layers), - New cases were not detected in 2017 and January- May, 2018 Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 13 Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 14 HPAI outbreaks in 2018 Region Data Outbreaks Poultry Kursk 07.06-04.07 6 487 Samara 07-24.06 13 4174 Penza 17-21.06 9 (incl. 2 poultry farm) 481730 Saratov 18.06-18.07 4 400 Orel 20.06-25.07 6 1624 Smolensk 28.06 2 151 Rostov 04-10.07 3 poultry farms 915993 Rep. of Tatarstan 05-24.07 16 987 Rep. of Chuvashiya 06-25.07 10 485 N.Novgorod 09.07-05.08 3 164 Ulyanovsk 20.07 1 139 Rep. of Udmurtiya 27-31.07 4 207 Rep. of Marii-El 30.07 1 127 Kostroma 10.08 1 poultry farm In process Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 15 The full-genome sequences were determined by «N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology» and available at https://www.gisaid.org/ Virus PB2 PB1 PA H5 NP N8 M NS A/goose/Kalmykia/813/ 16 A/swan/Voronezh/2/17 A/swan/Krasnodar/44/1 0, 0,37 0,24 0,13- 0,18- 0,07- 0,29- 0- 7New 5 viruses were reassortants: HA, NA,18-and NS- genes were closely related to those-of 0,7 0,83 0,54 0, 64 0,51 A/chicken/Chechnya/58A/duck/Eastern China/S1109/2014 H5N8;0,84however0,70other 5 genes were most closely related0,49to those of the LPAIV from wild waterfowl (H3, H4, H6 subtypes et. al.). /17 A/chicken/Moscow/94/*Genetic features of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses A(H5N8), isolated from the European part of the Russian Federation / Infection, Genetics and Evolution 63 (2018) 144–150 17 Россельхознадзор, ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 16 A/chicken/Tatarstan/804/2017(N8) A/chicken/Mari El/950/2017(N8) A/goose/Moscow/334/2017(N8) A/chicken/Samara/943/2017(N8) A/swan/Krasnodar/44/2017(N8) A/owl/Voronezh/4/2017(N8) A/poultry/Chechnya/58/2017(N8) A/chicken/Rostov/678/2017(N8) A/chicken/N Novgorod/998/2017(N8) A/swan/Kaliningrad/85/2017(N8) A/chicken/Moscow/338/2017(N8) A/chicken/Rostov/3163/2017(N8) A/swan/Aktau/74/2017(N8) A/chicken/Kostroma/3175/2017(N2) 2.3.4.4 A/duck/East China/S1109/2014(N8) A/grebe/Tyva/446/2016(N8) A/swan/Krasnodar/43/2017 A/goose/Zhejiang/925106/2014(N6) KRRKR*GLF A/duck/Jiangsu/m234/2012(N2) A/broiler duck/Korea/Buan2/2014(N8) A/wigeon/Sakha/1/2014(N8) A/turkey/Germany/R2474-L00899/14(N8) A/duck/Guangdong/wy19/2008(N5) A/chicken/Jiangxi/10129/2014(N6) A/duck/Vietnam/LBM638/2014 A/duck/Vietnam/LBM751/2014(N6) A/chicken/Hunan/1/2009 A/Sichuan/1/2006 A/duck/Vietnam/50/2007 2.3.4 A/grey heron/Hong Kong/837/2004 A/duck/Vietnam/LBM132/2012 A/chick/Bangladesh/14VIR2665-21/14 A/wild duck/Shandong/2/2011 A/pelican/Astrakhan/272/2015 A/grebe/Tyva/321/2015 A/duck/Altai/469/2014 A/tiger/Jiangsu/01/2013 A/duck/Tanah Laut/0514095/2014 2.3.2.1 A/duck/Phuyen/CVVI-47/2014 A/duck/Vietnam/NCVD-KA415/2012(N2) A/duck/Vietnam/LBM360c1-4-1/2013(N6) A/grebe/Tyva/433/2010 RRRKR*GLF A/wild duck/Fujian/1/2011 A/grey heron/Hong Kong/3088/2007 A/chicken/Primorsky/85/2008 A/Bangladesh/3233/2011 A/Barheaded Goose/Qinghai/59/05 A/duck/Novosibirsk/02/05 A/chicken/Bangladesh/394/2007 A/chicken/Krasnodar/776/07 A/grebe/Tyva/805/06