ISSN 1678-9644 Novembro, 2010 Brazilian Company for Agricultural Research Embrapa Rice and Beans Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Documentos 255 Technical Recommendations for Irrigated Rice in Mato Grosso do Sul José Alexandre Freitas Barrigossi Technical Editor Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO 2010 Copies of this paper are available at: Embrapa Arroz e Feijão Rod. GO 462, Km 12 CP 179 75375-000 Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO 55-62-35.33.21.00 55-62-35.33.21.94 [email protected] www.cnpaf.embrapa.br Editorial Board Chairman: Luís F. Stone Secretary: Luiz R. R. Silva Editor Supervisor: Camilla S. Oliveira Member: Jaison Pereira de Oliveira Bibliography norms: Ana L. D. Faria Text review: Péricles de Carvalho Ferreira Neves Illustrations: Fabiano Severino Electronic Editing: Fabiano Severino 1st Edition Online Version All rights reserved Full or partial non authorized reproduction of this publication is a copyright violation (Law 9610). Catalogue International Data in the Publication (CIP) Embrapa Rice and Beans Technical recommendations for irrigated rice in Mato Grosso do Sul / technical editor, José Alexandre Freitas Barrigossi. – Santo Antônio de Goiás : Embrapa Rice and Beans, 2010. 140 p. – (Documentos / Embrapa Rice and Beans, ISSN 1678-9644 ; 255) Translated from Recomendações técnicas para a cultura do arroz irrigado no Mato Grosso do Sul, 1st edition, 2009. 1. Rice – Cropping systems - Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. 2. Rice – Plant cultural practices - Mato Grosso do Sul – Brazil. I. Barrigossi, José Alexandre Freitas. 633.18098171 ddc21 © Embrapa 2010 Autores Alberto Baêta dos Santos Engenheiro Agrônomo, D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão Rod. GO 462, Km 12 75375-000 Santo Antônio de Goiás - GO [email protected] André Andres Engenheiro Agrônomo M.Sc. Embrapa Clima Temperado [email protected] Anne Sitarama Prabhu Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Balbina Maria de Araújo Soriano Meteorologista D.Sc. Embrapa Pantanal [email protected] Carlos Magri Ferreira Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Cláudio Lazzarotto Engenheiro Agrônomo M.Sc. Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste [email protected] Daniel de Brito Fragoso Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. UnitinsAgro [email protected] Darci Dias Azambuja Engenheiro Agrônomo - Especialista Sementes San Francisco [email protected] Eduardo da Costa Eifert Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Elaine Cristina Cardoso Fidalgo Engenheira Agrônoma D.Sc. Embrapa Solos [email protected] Humberto Gonçalves dos Santos Engenheiro Agrônomo D. Sc. Embrapa Solos [email protected] Jaime Roberto Fonseca Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] José Alexandre Freitas Barrigossi Engenheiro Agrônomo Ph.D. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] José Francisco da Silva Martins Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. Embrapa Clima Temperado [email protected] José Geraldo da Silva Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Mariana Cruzick de Souza Magaldi Engenheira Agrônoma Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Mário Luiz Diamante Áglio Geógrafo, M.Sc. Embrapa Solos [email protected] Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi Engenheira Agrônoma D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Nand Kumar Fageria Engenheiro Agrônomo Ph.D. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Orlando Peixoto de Morais Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Osmira Fátima da Silva Economista Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Sidenei Tambosi Engenheiro Agrônomo Consultor Técnico [email protected] Silvando Carlos da Silva Engenheiro Agrícola M.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Valácia Lemes da Silva Lobo Engenheira Agrônoma D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Veridiano dos Anjos Cutrim Engenheiro Agrônomo D.Sc. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão [email protected] Presentation Changes in the composition of cultivated areas are determined by several factors. Undoubtedly, financial profitability and access to the marketplace are important factors in the process. In Mato Grosso do Sul, more than 95% of rice production comes from crops on irrigated lowlands. Their yield is relatively high, 5,681 kg ha-1, but still about a ton below the national average, which is strongly influenced by the performance of Rio Grande do Sul, where productivity has already exceeded seven tons per hectare. The search for high yields through good agricultural practices is the best strategy when natural resources, especially soil, water and light are used. Profitability improvement for irrigated rice in Mato Grosso depends largely on production systems which are appropriate to local conditions and on additional efforts throughout the chain of production. The need to increase rice production in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a sustainable and competitive way, integrating and invigorating the entire chain of production was the reason Embrapa’s research team wrote this paper. It discusses several technologies specifically aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the irrigated rice crop production in Mato Grosso do Sul. Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida Machado Head, Embrapa Rice and Beans Summary Current situation and challenges in the rice production chain in Mato Grosso do Sul ........................................................... 15 Climate ................................................................................ 20 Temperature ................................................................................21 Solar radiation .............................................................................22 Sowing season ............................................................................23 Soils .................................................................................... 24 Classes of soils best suitable for irrigated rice ..................................24 Gleysols .................................................................................25 Organosols .............................................................................26 Planosols ...............................................................................26 Fluvic neosols .........................................................................26 Extent and distribution ..................................................................26 Soil leveling and preparation ................................................... 28 Leveling projects ..........................................................................29 Soil preparation ...........................................................................30 Tillage season .............................................................................30 Plow and disc harrow performance ................................................31 Liming and fertilization ........................................................... 32 Recommendations ........................................................................32 Fertilization .................................................................................33 Nitrogen ................................................................................34 Phosphorus ............................................................................37 Potassium ..............................................................................39 Zinc ......................................................................................40 Cultivars .............................................................................. 41 Good Seed Production Practices .............................................. 45 Site selection ..............................................................................45 Cultivar selection .........................................................................46 Production system .......................................................................47 Field inspection and weed eradication .............................................47 Harvesting ..................................................................................48 Machinery and equipment cleaning .................................................48 Plant variety purity .......................................................................48 Drying ........................................................................................49 Processing ..................................................................................49 Planting, Irrigation and Drainage .............................................. 51 Irrigation .....................................................................................51 Water consumption ......................................................................52 Management ...............................................................................52 Suspending irrigation ....................................................................52 Weeds in Irrigated Rice .......................................................... 53 Main weed species in lowland soils ................................................57 Weed management ......................................................................66 Weed management in different irrigated rice systems .......................70 Weed resistance to herbicides .......................................................71 Diseases and Control Methods ...............................................