UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION SUBMISSION OF MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT (FINAL REPORT) IN THE SUBJECT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE PROJECT PERFORMANCE OF SCHEDULED CASTE MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT POLITICAL PARTIES IN MAHARASHTRA VIDHAN SABHA ELECTED FROM RESERVED CONSTITUENCIES (1962-2009) : AN ANALYTICAL STUDY BY DR. BAL ANANT KAMBLE PRINCIPAL AND HEAD DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE RAYAT SHIKSHAN SANSTHA’S DADA PATIL MAHAVIDYALAYA, KARJAT -414402 DIST – AHMEDNAGAR ( MAHARASHTRA STATE ) Ref. : UGC file No. 5-243/2012(HRP) UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION SUBMISSION OF MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT (FINAL REPORT) IN THE SUBJECT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE PROJECT PERFORMANCE OF SCHEDULED CASTE MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT POLITICAL PARTIES IN MAHARASHTRA VIDHAN SABHA ELECTED FROM RESERVED CONSTITUENCIES (1962-2009) : AN ANALYTICAL STUDY BY DR. BAL ANANT KAMBLE PRINCIPAL AND HEAD DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE RAYAT SHIKSHAN SANSTHA’S DADA PATIL MAHAVIDYALAYA, KARJAT -414402 DIST – AHMEDNAGAR ( MAHARASHTRA STATE ) MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT Title : PERFORMANCE OF SCHEDULED CASTE MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT POLITICAL PARTIES IN MAHARASHTRA VIDHAN SABHA ELECTED FROM RESERVED CONSTITUENCIES (1962-2009) : AN ANALYTICAL STUDY CONTENTS Chapter No. Contents Page No. i. Introduction I 01 ii. Method of Study and Research Methodology Reserved Constituencies for Scheduled Caste in India and II 07 Delimitation of Constituencies III Scheduled Caste and the Politics of Maharashtra 19 Theoretical Debates About the Scheduled Caste MLAs IV 47 Performance Politics of Scheduled Castes in the Election of V 64 Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Performance Analysis of Scheduled Castes MLAs of VI 86 Different Political Parties of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha VII Conclusions 146 References 160 List of Interviewed SC MLAs of Maharashtra Vidhan Annexure –I 165 Sabha. Annexure – II Questionnaire 170 Chapter I I – Introduction II – Method of Study and Research Methodology I – Introduction Chapter I is divided in to two parts: Part A and Part B. In the Part A, Introduction is given. In the Part B, Method of Study and Research Methodology is discussed. In the project „Performance of Scheduled Caste Members of Different Political Parties in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Elected from Reserved Constituencies [ 1962 - 2009 ] : An Analytical Study‟, Research is made on following sub topics. A) Politics of Scheduled Castes B) Reserved Constituencies C) Policy of Reserving Constituencies and its implementation D) Participation of Scheduled Castes in the politics E) Development Schemes F) Role of Scheduled Caste members in the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and outside the Vidhan Sabha. In Maharashtra Suhas Palshikar, Rajeshwari Deshpande, Harish Jagzap, Prakash Pawar, Sopan Gholve, Somnath Gholve, Nitin Birmal has done study on caste politics. However, the study of Scheduled Caste members of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha from 1962 - 2009 is not continuously carried out. For this purpose, the political process is studied at micro level. This study focuses on relation between backward castes in Maharashtra. Caste wise study of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha members from 1962 - 2009 is a big extensive work. In this reference, the study of Scheduled Caste Vidhan Sabha members in various regions of Maharashtra, is done in this project. 1 The Caste is an important factor in Indian political process. The role of caste is an seminal element in the political process and power relations. Caste System is the feature of Indian society. In Indian Society, division between upper castes and lower castes is found. Due to the inequality in the caste system, distribution of power happens in the same manner, lower castes are far away from their share in power, even after independence. Upper castes tried to get more chunk of power, on the basis of the social status. However, elections and democratic politics made impact on the castes. Now caste has become instrument of political organizations. In the pre-independence era, collective thinking on backward castes and politics is done by Mahatma Phule, Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. In Indian Society, there is contradiction between interests of upper castes and lower castes. It has mentioned by Mahatma Phule. Accroding to him, there are two social groups, i.e. Shetji – Bhatji against Shudras. Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj given importance to the lower caste‟s fight for political power. Dr. Ambedkar mainly presented the issue of political rights of backward classes and organized the Dalits. Lower castes would get less share in the distribution of political power, hence lower castes resolved to fight to gain their share in the political rights and power. Phule – Shahu – Ambedkar instigated the organization of lower castes for political purpose which resulted in the emergence of lower caste politics. In the post Independence period politics upper castes played major role. In the democratic setup, upper castes continued their hold for long tenure. Relation between caste and politics were never uniform in all states, because different caste‟s place in population is found different in various states of India. Along with this, education, political awareness and traditions of participation are different. In Maharashtra, 19th century was the starting point of creating awareness of issues related to castes. 2 II Method of Study and Research Methodoloy Method of study: Caste, Class, Religion, Language, Marathi, Non Marathi such social issues are related to political process of Maharashtra. Among these factors, caste is the element, which is studied in Maharashtra. Jayant Lele, in his book „Elite Pluralism and class rules: Political Development in Maharashtra‟ studies the dominance of Maratha caste in Maharashtra politics. Suhas Palshikar in his two books, „Caste and O.B.C. politics‟ and „Caste and Maharashtra Politics‟ explained relation between castes and politics. Caste orgnisations try to play role in politics on behalf of castes. Some studies were made on this issues. „Politics of Vanjari Caste‟,. „A Study of All India Maratha Mahasangh‟, „Caste Organisation and Politics‟ such type of studies were made related to caste orgnisations. Studies were also done on Sindhi and Marwari castes. Political parties related to caste are also the study topics for research e.g. Nitin Birmal has analysied the Nationalist Congress Party In the context of Maratha Caste. In short, the system of studying different castes in relation to politics came forword. Nature of Study: The Research Project entitled Performance of Scheduled Castes members of different political parties in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha elected from reserved constitutions [ 1962 – 2009 ] An Analytical study is divided in seven chapters. The first chapter consists of introduction, methods of study and Research Methodology. In the second chapter, reserved constituencies of scheduled castes in India and delimitation of these constituencies are discussed. In the third chapter, Scheduled Castes and Maharashtra Politics is discussed. In the fourth chapter, the review of literature is discussed. The fifth chapter is related to politics of Scheduled Caste in the election of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha. The sixth chapter deals with performance analysis of Scheduled Caste MLAs of different political parties of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha. The conclusions are given in the seventh chapter. For this research project, context of Political Sociology is applied for the analysis of performance of Scheduled Caste members in of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha. 3 Relation between caste and power is discussed in the context of political sociology. In the same way religion, gender like elements are used for the analysis. In this study political process, constituencies, caste, religion, gender, political party, region is used for the analysis of performance of Scheduled Caste MLAs of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha. 1. Political Process:- Relation between the elements such as delimitation of constituencies social and economic conditions of the constituencies, Political Party are taken into consideration. 2. Constituencies :- The constituency is the basis of Leadership. The way the leaders have controlled the constituency and relation between M.L.A. and voters are discussed in the study. 3. Region :- Region is the important element which is used in this study. The western Maharashtra, North Maharashtra, Vidarbha, Marathwada, Konkan and Mumbai are the regions, which are used as the basis for analysis of M.L.A.‟s from Scheduled Caste. 4. Political Party :- Political party is also important element in this study. The political parties from which the M.L.A.s are elected. The classification is made on that ground too. That is why correlation between M.L.A.s from Scheduled Caste and political party proved useful for the analysis. 5. Caste :- Caste is the factor which is included in this study. There are 59 castes which come under the Scheduled Caste in Maharashtra . Among with this, which caste got the political power and which did not got this opportunity is discussed in this study 6. Religion :- M.L.A.s from Scheduled Caste are related to Hindu, Navbauddha and Christian religions. All three religions social stratification affects on the status of M.L.A.s from Scheduled Caste and their relation to political party. That is why religion 4 is the element included in the study for the analysis of the performance of Scheduled Caste M.L.A.s. 7. Education :- Education is the important element In the political process. On the basis of this element analysis is made of Scheduled Caste‟s members of the Maharashtra Vidhan