VHSL Regular Season 2013 Part 2 of 2 Round 4 First Period, Fifteen Tossups 1. This quantity can be expressed as the derivative of Helmholtz free energy with respect to temperature, and can also be expressed as Boltzmann’s constant times the natural log of the microstates. This quantity can be described as a system’s tendency towards positions with higher probabilities, and the second law of thermodynamics indicates that it is always increasing. For 10 points, identify this property which is sometimes described as the disorder of a system, symbolized S. ANSWER: entropy 189-12-71-04101 2. One section of this novel is written as a hallucinatory play in which Edward VII appears while a protagonist fights with Private Carr. This novel opens as "stately, plump Buck Mulligan" performs a mass with shaving tools, and it concludes with a stream-of-consciousness monologue by the protagonist's wife, Molly. This novel follows the half-Jewish Leopold Bloom and the writer Stephen Dedalus through episodes like "Circe," "Telemachus," and "Eumaeus." For 10 points, name this modernist novel inspired by the Odyssey and written by James Joyce. ANSWER: Ulysses 080-12-71-04102 3. This organ contains specialized macrophages known as Kupffer cells, and it is the site of albumin production. This organ is responsible for converting ammonia into urea, and it is the site of gluconeogenesis. This organ is also the site of lipid and cholesterol synthesis, and this organ also produces bile. For 10 points, identify this organ which can be afflicted by hepatitis, and which can be afflicted by cirrhosis in cases of alcoholism. ANSWER: liver 189-12-71-04103 4. This author wrote about a Women's Tribunal that tries a magical fish for fostering male chauvinism in The Flounder. In another of his books, the protagonist is imprisoned in a mental asylum for the murder of Sister Dorothea. This author included Cat and Mouse and Dog Years in a set of three novels beginning with one in which Oskar Matzerath stops his own growth at age three. For 10 points, name this postwar German author of The Tin Drum. ANSWER: Günter Grass [Günter Wilhelm Grass] 080-12-71-04104 5. In finance, a quantity denoted beta measures this value for an asset. Attempts by companies to set prices based on an average value for this quantity lead to a market failure called adverse selection. Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky examined its effect on decision-making in creating prospect theory. Diversification can reduce this quantity, as occurs in hedge funds; when it is non-diversifiable, it can be "spread" through insurance. For 10 points, name this measure of volatility that, when high, can correlate with high returns. ANSWER: risk [or volatility before it is read] 080-12-71-04105 VHSL Regular Season 2013 Part 2 of 2 4 Page 1 of 9 6. James Clerk Maxwell modified Ampere’s law by adding a term for the “displacement” type of this quantity. This quantity can be written as the dot product of its namesake density, symbolized J, and cross-sectional area. This quantity can be measured using a galvanometer, and according to Ohm’s law, this quantity is equal to voltage divided by resistance. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in amperes that describes the rate of flow of electric charge. ANSWER: electric current 014-12-71-04106 7. Maxwell Taylor headed a "study group" that reported on lessons that were learned from this event. One component of this event was a "deception flight" flown by a B-26 numbered 933. Officially known as Operation Pluto and Operation Zapata, this event included a planned landing at the foothills of the Escambray Mountains. The participants in this event were exiles from the Batista regime and were trained in several South Florida facilities by the CIA. For 10 points, name this botched 1961 attempt to overthrow Castro. ANSWER: Bay of Pigs Invasion [or Operation Trinidad; or Operation Pluto before read; or Operation Zapata before read] 020-12-71-04107 8. This character was raised by his Aunt Clara and hallucinates her scolding him at the end of the novel he appears in. This man was chased out of Weed on accusations of rape and is given a puppy by the “jerkline skinner” Slim. This figure’s fate is foreshadowed by the death of Candy’s dog. Constantly dreaming of being able to take care of the rabbits, he loves to pet soft things and accidentally breaks the neck of Curley’s wife. For 10 points, name this mentally disabled ranch hand who is shot by his friend George at the conclusion of Of Mice and Men. ANSWER: Lennie Small [or Lennie Small] 052-12-71-04108 9. Properties of this substance can be measured with a CTD instrument. Samples of this substance can be obtained with a Niskin bottle. A secchi disk is used to measure the transparency of this substance. The presence and size of objects in this substance can be detected using SONAR. For 10 points, identify this substance that occupies most of the surface of the Earth and which typically has a salinity of about 35 parts per thousand. ANSWER: ocean water [or sea water] 066-12-71-04109 10. This leader dealt with American sailors being rowdy in Valparaiso in Chile after those sailors disembarked from the USS Baltimore. This running mate of Levi Morton dealt with the high-spending Billion Dollar Congress, signing the silver purchase and anti-trust acts of John Sherman and a tariff named for then-Senator William McKinley. For 10 points, name this Republican President who served between the two terms of Grover Cleveland, a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry. ANSWER: Benjamin Harrison [prompt on Harrison] 104-12-71-04110 VHSL Regular Season 2013 Part 2 of 2 4 Page 2 of 9 11. This figure asks her friend “Jacque” if she might touch her breasts but is denied. This figure addresses most of her prose to someone named “Kitty,” who is likely an imaginary friend. She receives her first kiss from Peter and writes that she still believes “people are really good at heart.” Along with the Van Daans, Mr. Dussel, and her father, Otto, this figure spends her time in the upper room of her father’s office building in Amsterdam. For 10 points, name this Jewish girl whose diary documents her family’s attempt to hide during World War II. ANSWER: Anne Frank [or Anne Frank; or Annelies Frank; or Annelies Frank] 052-12-71-04111 12. This state was served by Hiram Revels, the first black Congressman. James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwermer were murdered in this state in 1964 while working on Freedom Summer, and James Meredith integrated its state university. This state at the southern end of the historical Natchez Trace trail is also where John Pemberton surrendered at Vicksburg. For 10 points, name this Southern state that once had as Senator the future Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. ANSWER: Mississippi 104-12-71-04112 13. This player's 2008 dunk over Kevin Garnett prompted Kevin Harlan to exclaim that it was done "with no regard for human life." This player scored twenty-five consecutive points in a double-overtime victory over the Pistons in the 2007 Eastern Conference Finals. Dan Gilbert wrote a vitriolic letter attacking this player's decision to take his talents to South Beach in July of 2010. For 10 points, identify this NBA superstar who left the Cleveland Cavaliers to join Chris Bosh and Dwyane Wade on the Miami Heat. ANSWER: LeBron James [prompt LBJ] 189-12-71-04113 14. The reciprocal of density is called the “specific” type of this quantity. Through is "b" constant, the van der Waals equation accounts for the fact that this quantity is nonzero for the particles being described. The product of this quantity and pressure appears in the ideal gas law, and this quantity is directly proportional to temperature in Charles’s law. Density is calculated as mass divided by this quantity. For 10 points, name this quantity describing the amount of space taken up by an object. ANSWER: volume 014-12-71-04114 15. In one novel set in this country, Maureen and Bamford Smales flee to a village with the title servant woman. In another work set in this country, the lawyer Mr. Carmichael defends the accused murderer of activist Arthur Jarvis. That novel set here ends with the execution of Absalom, the son of pastor Stephen Kumalo. This is the home country of the author of July’s People, Nadine Gordimer, as well as Alan Paton. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of the novel Cry, the Beloved Country and other works criticizing apartheid policies. ANSWER: Republic of South Africa 052-12-71-04115 VHSL Regular Season 2013 Part 2 of 2 4 Page 3 of 9 VHSL Regular Season 2013 Part 2 of 2 Round 4 Directed Round 1A. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from what neighboring country, which it was a part of for the previous two years? ANSWER: Malaysia 1B. What outermost of the sun, easily visible during solar eclipses, is much hotter than its surface and emits namesake mass ejections? ANSWER: corona 2A. Which tsar of Russia was assassinated by the People's Will and emancipated the serfs? ANSWER: Alexander II of Russia [or Aleksandr Nikolayevich] 2B. Which type of algorithm in computer science, which uses a divide-and-conquer strategy in its binary variety, is used to locate a particular object? ANSWER: searching algorithm 3A. What country’s troops led Operation Lightning Thunder in an attempt to fight the Lord’s Resistance Army and capture Joseph Kony? ANSWER: Uganda 3B.