State Model Syllabus for Undergraduate Courses in Science (2019-2020)

STATE MODEL SYLLABUS FOR UNDERGRADUATE COURSES IN SCIENCE (2019-2020) UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM Skill Development Employability Entrepreneurship All the three Skill Development and Employability Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Employability and Entrepreneurship Course Structure of U.G. Botany Honours Total <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Semester </li><li style="flex:1">Course </li></ul>AECC-I <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Course Name </li><li style="flex:1">Credit </li></ul>marks 44242 100 Microbiology and Phycology C-1 (Theory) C-1 (Practical) C-2 (Theory) C-2 (Practical) 75 25 75 25 Microbiology and Phycology Biomolecules and Cell Biology Biomolecules and Cell Biology Semester-I Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi & Archegoniate) Biodiversity (Microbes, <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">GE -1A (Theory) </li><li style="flex:1">4</li></ul>2 75 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">25 </li><li style="flex:1">GE -1A(Practical) Algae, Fungi & </li></ul>Archegoniate) <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">AECC-II </li><li style="flex:1">4</li></ul>4 100 75 Mycology and Phytopathology C-3 (Theory) Mycology and Phytopathology C-3 (Practical) C-4 (Theory) C-4 (Practical) GE -2A (Theory) GE -2A(Practical) C-5 (Theory) C-5 (Practical) C-6 (Theory) C-6 (Practical) C-7 (Theory) C-7 (Practical) SEC-1 242424242424424 25 75 25 75 25 75 25 75 25 75 25 100 75 25 75 Semester-II Archegoniate Archegoniate Plant Physiology & Metabolism Plant Physiology & Metabolism Anatomy of Angiosperms Anatomy of Angiosperms Economic Botany Economic Botany Genetics SemesterIII Genetics Plant Ecology & Taxonomy GE -1B (Theory) GE -1B (Practical) C-8 (Theory) C-8 (Practical) Plant Ecology & Taxonomy Molecular Biology <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Molecular Biology </li><li style="flex:1">2</li></ul>4 25 75 SemesterIV Plant Ecology & Phytogeography C-9 (Theory) <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">2</li><li style="flex:1">25 </li></ul>Plant Ecology & Phytogeography C-9 (Practical) 42 75 25 C-10 (Theory) C-10 (Practical) SEC II Plant Systematics Plant Systematics 44 100 75 Plant Anatomy , Embryology & Biotechnology Plant Anatomy , Embryology & GE-2B (Theory) <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">GE-2B(Practical) </li><li style="flex:1">2</li><li style="flex:1">25 </li></ul>Biotechnology Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">C-11 (Theory) </li><li style="flex:1">4</li></ul>24242 75 25 75 25 75 25 Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms C-11 (Practical) <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">C-12 (Theory) </li><li style="flex:1">Plant Physiology </li></ul>C-12 (Practical) DSE - 1 (Theory) DSE - 1 (Practical) Plant Physiology Semester-V Analytical Techniques in Plants Sciences Analytical Techniques in Plants Sciences Natural Resource Management Natural Resource Management <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">DSE - 2 (Theory) </li><li style="flex:1">4</li></ul>2 75 25 DSE - 2 (Practical) <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">C-13 (Theory) </li><li style="flex:1">Plant Metabolism </li></ul>Plant Metabolism Plant Biotechnology Plant Biotechnology 4242 75 25 75 25 C-13 (Practical) C-14 (Theory) SemesterVI C-14 (Practical) Horticulture Practices & <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Post Harvest </li><li style="flex:1">DSE - 3 (Theory) </li></ul>DSE-3 (Practical) 42 75 25 Technology Horticulture Practices & Post Harvest Technology DSE – 4 Project work <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">6</li><li style="flex:1">100 </li></ul>Project Work Total <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">148 </li><li style="flex:1">2600 </li></ul>BOTANY HONOURS PAPERS: Core course – 14 papers Discipline Specific Elective – 4 papers Generic Elective for non-Botany students – 4 papers. In case University offers 2 subjects as GE, then papers 1 and 2 will be the GE paper. The students have the option of taking any two. Marks per paper – Mid term: 15 marks, End term: 60 marks (Theory) + 25 marks (Practical), Total – 100 marks Credit per paper – 6 Teaching hours per paper – 40 hours (theory) + 10 hours (practical) Core Paper I MICROBIOLOGY AND PHYCOLOGY Unit-I Introduction to microbial world, microbial nutrition, growth and metabolism. Viruses:- Discovery, physicochemical and biological characteristics; classification (Baltimore), general structure with special reference to viroids and prions; replication (general account), DNA virus (T-phage), lytic and lysogenic cycle; RNA virus (TMV). Economic importance of viruses with reference to vaccine production, role in research, medicine and diagnostics, as causal organisms of plant diseases. Unit–II (i) Bacteria: - Discovery, general characteristics, types- archaebacteria, eubacteria, wall-less forms (mycoplasma and spheroplasts), cell structure, nutritional types, reproduction-vegetative, asexual and recombination (conjugation, transformation and transduction). Economic importance of bacteria with reference to their role in agriculture and industry (fermentation and medicine). (ii) Cyanobacteria:-Ecology and occurrence, cell structure, heterocyst, reproduction, economic importance; role in biotechnology. Morphology and life-cycle of Nostoc. General characteristics of prochlorophyceae, Evolutionary significance of Prochloron. Unit–III (i) Algae:- General characteristics; Ecology and distribution; range of thallus organization; Cell structure and components; cell wall, pigment system, reserve food (of only groups represented in the syllabus), flagella and methods of reproduction, classification; criteria, system of Fritsch, and evolutionary classification of Lee (only upto groups); Role of algae in the environment, agriculture, biotechnology and industry. (i) Chlorophyta:- General characteristics, occurrence, range of thallus organization, cell structure and reproduction. Morphology and life-cycles of Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Oedogonium and Coleochaete. Unit-IV (i) Charophyta:- General characteristics; occurrence, morphology, cell structure and life-cycle of Chara; evolutionary significance. (ii) Xanthophyta:- General characteristics; Occurrence, morphology and life- cycle of Vaucheria. (iii) Phaeophyta:-Characteristics, occurrence, cell structure and reproduction. Morphology and life-cycles of Ectocarpus and Fucus. (iv) Rhodophyta:-General characteristics, occurrence, cell structure and reproduction. Morphology and life-cycle of Polysiphonia. PRACTICAL Microbiology (i) Electron micrographs/Models of viruses –T-Phage and TMV, Line drawings/ Photographs of Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle. (ii) Types of Bacteria to be observed from temporary/permanent slides/photographs. (iii) Examination of bacteria from bacterial culture by Gram’s staining method. (iv) Electron micrographs of bacteria, binary fission, endospore, conjugation, root Nodule (live materials and photographs). Phycology Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of Nostoc, Chlamydomonas (electron micrographs), Volvox, Oedogonium,Coleochaete, Chara, Vaucheria, Ectocarpus, Fucus and Polysiphonia, Procholoron, Diatoms through, temporary preparations and permanent slides. Text Books: 1. Singh, V., Pandey, P.C., and Jain, D.K. (2017). Microbiology and Phycology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut. Reference Books: 1. Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4th edition. 2. Prescott, L.M., Harley J.P., Klein D. A. (2010). Microbiology, McGraw-Hill, India. 8th edition. 3. Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West Press, Delhi. 4. Campbell, N.A., Reece J.B., Urry L.A., Cain M.L., Wasserman S.A. Minorsky P.V., Jackson R.B. (2008). Biology, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, USA. 8th edition. 5. Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S., Krieg, N.R. (2011) Microbiology, 8th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Co, New Delhi. 6. Willey, Sherwood and Christopher. Laboratory exercises in Microbiology. McGraw- Hill, India. 9th edition. 7. Vasistha B.R. (2017) Botany for Degree student, Algae, S. Chand Publication, New Delhi. 8. Mishra B. K. (2018) Microbiology and Phycology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. Core Paper II BIOMOLECULES AND CELL BIOLOGY Unit-I (i) Biomolecules and Bioenergenetics: Types and significance of chemical bonds; Structure and properties of water; pH and buffers. Laws of thermodynamics, concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reactions, coupled reactions, redox reactions. (ii) Enzymes: Structure of enzyme: holoenzyme, apoenzyme, cofactors, coenzymes and prosthetic group; Classification of enzymes; Features of active site, substrate specificity, properties of enzymes, mechanism of action (activation energy, lock and key hypothesis, induced - fit theory), Michaelis – Menten equation, enzyme inhibition and factors affecting enzyme activity. (iii) Carbohydrates: Nomenclature, classification, structure and function of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides Unit –II (i) Lipids: Definition and major classes of storage and structural lipids. Fatty acids structure and functions. Essential fatty acids. Triacyl glycerols structure, functions and properties. (ii) Proteins: Structure and classification of amino acids; Peptide bonds; Levels of protein structure-primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary; Isoelectric point; Protein denaturation and biological roles of proteins. (iii)Nucleic acids: Structure of nitrogenous bases; Structure and function of nucleotides; Types of nucleic acids; Structure of A, B, Z types of DNA; Types of RNA; Structure of tRNA. Unit –III (i) The Cell: Cell as a unit of structure and function; Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Origin of eukaryotic cell (Endosymbiotic theory). (ii) Cell wall and plasma membrane: Chemistry, structure and function of Plant Cell Wall. Overview of membrane function; fluid mosaic model; Chemical composition of membranes; Membrane transport – Passive, active and facilitated transport, endocytosis and exocytosis. (i) Cell organelles: Nucleus; Structure-nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nuclear lamina, molecular organization of chromatin; nucleolus. Unit-IV (i) Cytoskeleton: Role and structure of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediary filament. (ii) Chloroplast, mitochondria and peroxisomes: Structural organization; Function; Semiautonomous nature of mitochondria and chloroplast. Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes. (iii)Cell division: Eukaryotic cell cycle, different stages of mitosis and meiosis. Cell cycle, Regulation of cell cycle. PRACTICAL (i) Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, lipids and proteins. (ii) Study of plant cell structure with the help of epidermal peel mountof Onion/Rhoeo (iii) Demonstration of the phenomenon of protoplasmic streaming in Hydrilla leaf. (iv)Counting the cells per unit volume with the help of haemocytometer. (Yeast/pollen grains). (v) Study the phenomenon of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis. (vi)Study of different stages of mitosis and meiosis using aceto carmine and aceto orcine method from Onion root tip and bud respectively. Text Books: 1. Rastogi, V. B. (2016). Introductory Cytology, Kedar Nath & Ram Nath, Meerut 2. Gupta, P. K. (2017). Biomolecules and Cell Biology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut. Reference Books: 1. Sahoo, K. (2017) Biomolecules and Cell Biology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 2. Tymoczko, J.L., Berg, J.M. and Stryer, L. (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd ed., W.H. Freeman 3. Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. (2008) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company. 4. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009 The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA. 5. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009 The World of the Cell. 7th edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco Core Paper III MYCOLOGY ANDPHYTOPATHOLOGY Unit-I (i)Introduction to true fungi: Definition, General characteristics; Affinities with plants and animals; Thallus organization; Cell wall composition; Nutrition; Classification. (i) Zygomycota: General characteristics; Ecology; Thallus organisation; Life cycle with reference to Rhizopus. (ii) Ascomycota: General characteristics (asexual and sexual fruiting bodies); Ecology; Life cycle, Heterokaryosis and parasexuality; life cycle and classification with reference to Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium,and Neurospora. (iv) Basidiomycota: General characteristics; Ecology and Classification; Life cycle of Puccinia and Agaricus. Unit-II (i) Allied Fungi: General characteristics; Status of Slime molds, Classification; Occurrence; Types of plasmodia; Types of fruiting bodies. (ii) Oomycota: General characteristic; Ecology; Life cycle and classification with reference to Phytophthora, and Albugo. (iii)Symbiotic associations: Lichen – Occurrence; General characteristics; Growth forms and range of thallus organization; Nature of associations of algal and fungal partners; Reproduction. Mycorrhiza-Ectomycorrhiza, Endomycorrhiza and their significance. Economic importance of Lichens. Unit-III Applied Mycology: Role of fungi in biotechnology, Mushroom cultivation, Application of fungi in food industry (Flavour & texture, Fermentation, Baking, Organic acids, Enzymes, Mycoproteins); Secondary metabolites (Pharmaceutical preparations); Agriculture (Biofertilizers); Mycotoxins; Biological control (Mycofungicides, Mycoherbicides, Mycoinsecticides, Myconematicides); Medical mycology. Unit-IV Phytopathology: Terms and concepts; General symptoms; Geographical distribution of diseases; etiology; symptomology; Host- Pathogen relationships; disease cycle and environmental relation; prevention and control of plant diseases, and role of quarantine. Bacterial diseases – Citrus canker and angular leaf spot disease of Cotton. Viral diseases – Tobacco Mosaic, Vein Clearing. Fungal diseases – Early blight of potato, Loose and covered smut. PRACTICAL (i) Introduction to the world of fungi (Unicellular, coenocytic/ septate mycelium, ascocarps & basidiocarps). (ii) Rhizopus: study of asexual stage from temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides. (iii) Aspergillus, Penicillium and Saccharomyces : study of asexual stage from temporary mounts. Study of Sexual stage from permanent slides/photographs. (iv) Puccnia : Study of different stages from temporary mounts and permanent slides. (v) Agaricus: Specimens of button stage and full grown mushroom; sectioning of gills of Agaricus, and fairy rings are to be shown. (vi) Albugo: Study of symptoms of plants infected with Albugo; asexual phase study through section/ temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides. (vii) Phytopathology: Herbarium specimens of bacterial diseases; Citrus Canker; Viral diseases: Mosaic disease of ladies finger, papaya, cucurbits, moong, black gram, Fungal diseases: Blast of rice, Tikka disease of ground nut, powdery mildew of locally available plants and White rust of crucifers. Text Books: 1. Mishra, B. K. (2017), Mycology and Phytopathology, Kalynai Publishers, New Delhi. Reference Books: 1. Sharma, P. D. (2017). Mycology and Phytopathology Rastogi Publication, Meerut. 2. Agrios, G.N. (1997) Plant Pathology, 4th edition, Academic Press, U.K. 3. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, John Wiley &Sons (Asia) Singapore. 4th edition. 4. Webster, J. and Weber, R. (2007). Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 3rd edition. 5. Sethi, I.K. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi and Their Allies, Macmillan Publishers India Ltd. 6. Mehrotra, R. S.(2011). Plant Pathology. Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi Core Paper IV ARCHEGONIATAE Unit-I (i) Introduction: Unifying features of archegoniates; Transition to land habit; Alternation of generations. General characteristics; Origin of land plants and Adaptations to land habit; (ii) Bryophytes : Origin and Classification; Range of thallus organization. Classification (up to family). Structure, Reproduction and evolutionary trends in Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros and Funaria (developmental stages not included). Ecological and economic importance of bryophytes. Unit-II Pteridophytes: General characteristics, classification. Classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Psilotum, Selaginella, Equisetum, Pteris and Marsilea. Apogamy, and apospory, heterospory and seed habit, telome theory, stellar evolution and economic importance. Unit-III Gymnosperms: General characteristics, classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Cycas, Pinus, Ginkgo and Gnetum. (Developmental details not to be included).Ecological and economic importance. Unit-IV Palaeobotany: Geological time scale, fossils and fossilization process. Morphology, anatomy and affinities of Rhynia, Calamites, Lepidodendron, Lyginopteris, Cycadeoidea and Williamsonnia. PRACTICAL (i) Morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros, Funaria. (ii) Psilotum- Study of specimen, transverse section of synangium (permanent slide). (iii) Selaginella- Morphology, whole mount of leaf with ligule, transverse section of stem, whole mount of strobilus, whole mount of microsporophyll and megasporophyll (temporary slides), longitudinal section of strobilus (permanent slide). (iv) Equisetum- Morphology, transverse section of internode, longitudinal section of strobilus, transverse section of strobilus, whole mount of sporangiophore, whole mount of spores (wet and dry) (temporary slide), transverse section of rhizome (permanent slide). (v) Study of temporary preparations and permanent slides of Marsilea. (vi) Pteris- Morphology, transverse section of rachis, vertical section of sporophyll, whole mount of sporangium, whole mount of spores (temporary slides), transverse section of rhizome, whole mount of prothallus with sex organs and young sporophyte (permanent slide). (vii) Cycas- Morphology (coralloid roots, bulbil, leaf), whole mount of microsporophyll and megaspore, T.S root, leaflet, rachis (viii) Pinus- Morphology (long and dwarf shoots, whole mount of dwarf shoot, male and female cones), T.S. Needle, stem, L.S. male cone, whole mount of microsporophyll, whole mount of Microspores (temporary slides), L.S.of female cone. (ix) Gnetum- Morphology (stem, male & female cones), transverse section of stem, vertical section of ovule (permanent slide). (x) Study of some fossil slides / photographs as per theory. Text Books: 1. Vasistha, B. R. (2017) Botany for Degree student, Bryophyta, S. Chand Publication, New Delhi. 2. Singh, V., Pandey, P.C. and Jain, D.K. (2017). Archegoniate, Rastogi Publication, Meerut. Reference Books: 1. Acharya, B. S. (2017), Archegoniate, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 2. Vashistha, P.C., Sinha, A.K., Kumar, A. (2010). Pteridophyta. S. Chand. New Delhi, India. 3. Bhatnagar, S.P. & Moitra, A. (1996). Gymnosperms. New Age International (P) Ltd Publishers, New Delhi, India. 4. Raven, P.H., Johnson, G.B., Losos, J.B., Singer, S.R. (2005). Biology. Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. Core Paper V ANATOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS Unit-I (i) Introduction and scope of Plant Anatomy: Applications in systematics, forensics and pharmacognosy. (ii) Tissues: Classification of tissues; Simple and complex tissues (no phylogeny); cytodifferentiation of tracheary elements and sieve elements; Pits and plasmodesmata; Cell wall ingrowths and transfer cells, adcrustation and incrustation, Ergastic substances. Unit-II (i) Stem: Organization of shoot apex (Apical cell theory, Histogen theory, Tunica Corpus theory, continuing meristematic residue, cyto-histological zonation); Types of vascular bundles; Anatomy of dicot and monocot stem. Vascular Cambium: Structure, function and seasonal activity of cambium; secondary growth in stem (normal and anomalous). Root Stem transition. (ii) Leaf: Anatomy of dicot and monocot leaf, Kranz anatomy. Unit-III

State Model Syllabus for Undergraduate Courses in Science (2019-2020)

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