De_Fragmentation: Translating the Ruinous Narrative In Adaptive Reuse Design A thesis submitted to The Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE in the School of Architecture and Interior Design in the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning 2011 by Kelly Marie Ronda B.S. Biology, The Ohio State University, 2007 First Committee Chair: Aarati Kaneker Second Committee Chair: Michael McInturf Abstract Adaptive reuse projects of abandoned buildings sometimes deny parts of the building’s past perceived as corrupt or less than acceptable in either its physical state or in the psychological perceptions projected onto the building by society. Attempting to integrate both the occupied and vacant phases of a building’s history as well as the memory of “place” can lead to a more holistic narrative to the building. How can a building or site widely accepted by the community as personifying the quality of “corrupt” be repurposed into a beneficial and productive place once again? Elements and ideas from the dilapidated state and memories can inform a new design for a building as it enters its third stage of life: reuse. The building represents a built construct developed out of the needs and times of society and these changes can add layers and dimensions to the reading and narrative of the building. By studying design projects by Peter Zumthor, Peter Latz, and other designers that are appropriate to this query, a strategy will be implemented for an abandoned warehouse in Toledo, Ohio that is unwanted by the community for the vandalism and crime associated with the site. de_Fragmentation: Translating the Ruinous Narrative in Adaptive Reuse Design Kelly Ronda MArch Class of 2011 Acknowledgements I would like to give a special thanks to my thesis advisors Aarati Kanekar and Michael McInturf for their guidance and insight along this architecture journey. I also want to thank my family for all their love and support. Last, but never the least, I truly thank Kevin Gardner for all his inspiration and motivation these past eight months. Table of Contents Abstract Part II: The Methodology Acknowledgements 10 // De_fragmenting Building Narratives 42 Illustration & Image Sources 11 // Design Methodology 44 Historical Analysis 1 // Preface 1 Forensic Analysis 2 // Introduction Interpretation Translation Part I: The Investigation Application 3 // Building Life Cycle & Phases 10 12 // Precedent Projects 47 4 // Historical Preservation Overview 12 Kolumba Museum 5 // Preservation Theories 14 MASS MoCA 6 // Adaptive Reuse Practices 16 Duisburg-Nord 7 // History of Ruins 20 8 // Six Themes of Ruins 22 Part III: The Application The Sublime 13 // Design Project 57 Fragmentation Site and Building History Elapsing of Time Adaptive Reuse Proposal Resurgence of Nature Methodology Implementation Material Engagement Repurposing 14 // Conclusion 70 9 // Neglected Narratives of Ruins 35 Bibliography 72 1 // Preface Illustration & Image Sources 1.1 Ronda, Kelly. Oklahoma Map. 6 Jan. 2011. 1.2 United States Census Bureau. 6 Jan. 2011. < http://www. census.gov/>. 1.3 Preservation Oklahoma. 6 Jan. 2011. <http://www. preservationok.org/Success_Spotlight.html> 1.4 6 Jan. 2011. <http://www.rootsweb.ancestry. com/~okcreek/towns/sapulpa.htm>. 1.5 6 Jan. 2011. <http://farm2.static.flickr. com/1356/703200910_67d8fa806c.jpg>. 1.6 Banham, Reyner. The New Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetic. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1966. Print, 22. 1.7 Ibid., 24. 1.8 Preservation Oklahoma. 6 Jan. 2011. <http://www. preservationok.org/Success_Spotlight.html>. 1.9 Ibid. 1.10 Metroplains Management. 10 Feb. 2011. <http://www. metroplainsmanagement.com/property_detail.php?prop_ id=243>. 1.11 Ibid. 2 // Introduction 2.1 Leipzig, Andrew. Wormhole. Online Clock. 15 May 2011. <http://blog.onlineclock.net/wormholes-as-time- machines/>. 2.2 L’Engle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle in Time. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1962. Print, 62. 2.3 Ronda, Kelly. Architectural Wormhole Diagram. 8 Mar. 2011. Part I: The Investigation 3 // Building Life Cycle and Phases 3.1 Harris, Neil. Building Lives: Constructing Rites and Passages. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999 Print, 9. 3.2 Ibid., 26. on-demand.com/a/hugo-victor/la-tourgue-in-1835.html>. 3.3 Ibid., 76. 8.2 “Casper David Friedrich and the Sublime.” Laurie Rojas. 3.4 Ibid., 104. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://laurierojas.platypus1917. 3.5 Ibid., 116. org/?p=223>. 8.3 “The Missionary by Baldovino Barani.” Design Scene. 4 // Historical Preservation Overview 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.designscene.net/2009/03/ missionary-by-baldovino-barani.html>. 5 // Preservation Theories 8.4 Ronda, Kelly. Diagram of Jewish Museum Berlin. 14 5.1 Eugene Viollet Le Duc. 4 Apr. 2011. <http:// Nov. 2010. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eugene_viollet_le_duc.jpg> 8.5 Libeskind, Daniel. Jewish Museum Berlin. Ruksaldruck, 5.2 Picture of John Ruskin. 30 Mar. 2011. <http://www.listal. Germany: G + B Arts International, 1999. Print, 51. com/viewimage/1640160h>. 8.6 “One North Painting.” Zaha Hadid Architects. 18 Nov. 5.3 Tash – blog. 30 Mar. 2011. < http://tashtego.splinder. 2010. <http://www.zaha-hadid.com/masterplans/one- com/archive/2008-03>. north-masterplan>. 8.7 “Armory, The Ohio State University: Exterior 6 // Adaptive Reuse Practices View.” 20 Oct. 2010. Knowledge Bank. <https://kb.osu. 6.1 Brand, Stewart. How Buildings Learn: What Happens edu/dspace/handle/1811/37343>. After They’re Built. New York: Penguin Books, 1994. 8.8 “Armory, The Ohio State University: Fire Damage, Print, 91. 1959.” Knowledge Bank. 20 Oct. 2010. <https://kb.osu. 6.2 Ibid. edu/dspace/handle/1811/37342>. 6.3 Ibid. 8.9 20 Oct 2010. <http://library.osu.edu/assets/Uploads/ University-Archives/1959Ohio-State-Armory-Razing. 7 // History of Ruins jpg>. 7.1 Palazzo del Te. 12 Feb. 2011. <http://www.ask.com/wiki/ 8.10 “Wexner Center for the Arts—Columbus, OH.” AE Palazzo_del_Te>. World Map. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://aedesign.wordpress. 7.2 Ronda, Kelly. Personal Photograph. 6 July 2011. com/2009/08/31/wexner-center-for-the-arts-columbus- oh/>. 7.3 “Temple of Vespasian and Titus, Rome.” Sacred 8.11 Listal. “Picture of Doomsday.” 25 Oct. 2010. <http:// Destinations. 12 Feb. 2011. <http://www.sacred- img.listal.com/image/1953929/600full-doomsday-poster. destinations.com/italy/rome-temple-of-vespasian.htm>. jpg>. 7.4 Krier, Leon, ed. Albert Speer: Architecture 1932 – 1942. 8.12 History Channel. 29 Sept. 2010. “Life After People.” A Bruxelles: Aux Archives D’architecture Moderne, http://www.history.com/shows/life-after-people/photos/ 1985. Print, 74. life-after-people-season-one/ 8.13 Ibid. 8 // Six Themes of Ruins 8.14 Wall, Jeff. The Destroyed Room. 30 March 2011. <http:// 8.1 “Victor Hugo La Tourgue in 1835.” Art Prints on www.harpreetkhara.com/archives/tag/351mc-2/page/7>. Demand. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://www.art-prints- 8.15 Matta-Clark, Gordon. Conical Intersect. 29 Mar. 2011. <http://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/8174>. 8.16 Weilacher, Udo. Syntax of Landscape: The Landscape 12.2 Ibid. Architecture of Peter Latz and Partners. Boston: 12.3 Walker Art Gallery. “Church life and religious belief Birkhauser, 2008. Print, 121. in 15th century Cologne.” 8 Jan. 2011. <http://www. liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/collections/altarpiece/ 9 // Neglected Narratives of Ruins church_life.asp>. 9.1 Monster House produced by ImageMovers. 20 Oct. 12.4 Dierk’s Page. “Cologne at War.” 8 Jan. 2011. <http:// 010. <http://www.robwillreview.com/?p=285>. www.anicursor.com/colpicwara.html>. 9.2 Mold Removal, Mold Remediation, Asbestos Removal 12.5 Base illustration from Bing.com. 14 Nov. 2010. <http:// Service USA and Canada. 15 May 2011. <http://www. bing/maps>. moldremoval.net/tag/mold-remediation/>. 12.6 Base illustration from Zumthor, Peter. “Kolumba, Art 9.3 Krier, Leon, ed. Albert Speer: Architecture 1932 – 1942. Museum of the Cologne Archdiocese.” A + U no. 4(451) A Bruxelles: Aux Archives D’architecture Moderne, (April 2008). 52. 1985. Print, 217. 12.7 Carrington, Bettina, et. al., Peter Zumthor fuses a 9.4 Krier, Leon, ed. Albert Speer: Architecture 1932 – 1942. historical palimpsest with Modernism at Kolumba, Art A Bruxelles: Aux Archives D’architecture Moderne, Museum of the Archdiocese of Cologne, lending the 1985. Print, 124. space a new kind of spiritual overtone. Architectural 9.5 “Save Teufelsberg.” 14 May 2011. <http://fsbvg.home Record v. 196 no. 1 (Jan. 2008). 78. stead.com/save_teufelsberg.html>. 12.8 Moffitt, Debra. “Kolumba Art Museum.” 9.6 Banham, Reyner. The New Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetic. ArchitectureWeek. (7 January 2009). <http:// New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1966. www.ArchitectureWeek.com/2009/0107/design_1-1. Print, 166. html>. 9.7 Ibid., 170. 12.9 Base illustration from Zumthor, Peter. “Kolumba, Art 9.8 Ibid., 122. Museum of the Cologne Archdiocese.” A + U no. 4(451) (April 2008). 48. Part II: The Methodology 12.10 Trainer, Jennifer, ed., MASS MoCA: from Mill to Museum. North Adams, MA: MASS MoCA 10 // De_fragmenting Building Narratives Publications, 2000. Print, 29. 10.1 Ronda, Kelly. “De_fragmentation.” 17 Feb. 2011. 12.11 Ibid., 98. 12.12 Ibid., 99. 11 // Design Methodology 12.13 Ronda, Kelly. “Floor Removal Diagram.” 14 Nov. 2010 11.1 Ronda, Kelly. “Vignettes.” 12 Feb. 2011. 12.14 Trainer, Jennifer, ed., MASS MoCA: from Mill to Museum. North Adams, MA: MASS MoCA 12 // Precedent Projects Publications, 2000. Print, 115. 12.1 Moffitt, Debra. “Kolumba Art Museum.” 12.15 Ibid., 88. ArchitectureWeek. (7 January 2009). <http:// 12.16 Ibid., 95. www.ArchitectureWeek.com/2009/0107/design_1-1. 12.17 Weilacher, Udo. Syntax of Landscape: The Landscape html>. Architecture of Peter Latz and Partners. Boston: Birkhauser, 2008. Print, 128. 12.18 Ibid., 133. 12.19 Ibid., 127. 12.20 Ibid., 126. 12.21 Ibid., 122.