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BASIN PROFILE OF THE LOWER SEKONG, SESAN AND SREPOK (3S) RIVERS IN CAMBODIA August 2013 MK3 Optimising cascades Paradis Someth, of hydropower Sochiva Chanthy, Chhorda Pen, Piseth Sean, BASIN PROFILE Leakhena Hang Authors Paradis Someth, Sochiva Chanthy, Chhorda Pen, Piseth Sean, Leakhena Hang Produced by Mekong Challenge Program for Water & Food Project 3 – Optimising cascades of hydropower for multiple use Led by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management Suggested citation Someth, P. et al. 2013. Basin Profile of the Lower Sekong, Sesan and Spreok (3S) Rivers in Cambodia. Project report: Challenge Program on Water & Food Mekong project MK3 “Optimizing the management of a cascade of reservoirs at the catchment level”. ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management, Hanoi Vietnam, 2013 More information www.optimisingcascades.org | www.icem.com.au Image Cover image: High flows in Sesan river at Ta Veaeng (Photo Peter-John Meynell). Inside page: Sesan river near the border between Cambodia and Vietnam, a few kilometres below the proposed dam site of Sesan1/5 HPP (Photo Peter-John Meynell). Project Team Peter-John Meynell (Team Leader), Jeremy Carew-Reid, Peter Ward, Tarek Ketelsen, Matti Kummu, Timo Räsänen, Marko Keskinen, Eric Baran, Olivier Joffre, Simon Tilleard, Vikas Godara, Luke Taylor, Truong Hong, Tranh Thi Minh Hue, Paradis Someth, Chantha Sochiva, Khamfeuane Sioudom, Mai Ky Vinh, Tran Thanh Cong Copyright 2013 ICEM - International Centre for Environmental Management 6A Lane 49, Tô Ngoc Vân| Tay Ho, HA NOI | Socialist Republic of Viet Nam i MEKONG CPWF| Optimising cascades of hydropower (MK3) Basin Profile of the Lower Sekong, Sesan and Srepok (3s) Rivers in Cambodia TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................. 5 2 TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................. 5 3 HYDROMETEOROLOGY ............................................................................................................... 7 4 WATER QUALITY ....................................................................................................................... 16 4.1 Water quality data ...................................................................................................................... 16 4.2 Water level fluctuation and water pollution in the Sesan River in Cambodia ........................... 17 5 SOIL TYPES ................................................................................................................................ 18 6 LAND COVER AND LAND USE .................................................................................................... 21 6.1 Forest coverage .......................................................................................................................... 22 6.2 Agricultural land ......................................................................................................................... 23 6.3 Land use related to agricultural activities for family use ........................................................... 24 6.4 Aquatic ecosystems .................................................................................................................... 24 7 BIODIVERSITY AND NATIONAL RESOURCES............................................................................... 27 7.1 Protected areas .......................................................................................................................... 27 7.2 Non-timber forest products (NTFP) ............................................................................................ 27 7.3 Mining......................................................................................................................................... 29 7.4 Fisheries ...................................................................................................................................... 30 8 INFRASTRUCTURE ..................................................................................................................... 31 8.1 Domestic water supply ............................................................................................................... 31 8.2 Transport .................................................................................................................................... 31 8.3 Energy ......................................................................................................................................... 32 9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ....................................................................................................... 32 9.1 Populations ................................................................................................................................. 32 9.2 Access to public services ............................................................................................................ 34 9.2.1 Access to safe water ............................................................................................................... 34 9.2.2 Access to sanitation ............................................................................................................... 34 9.2.3 Access to health care.............................................................................................................. 34 9.2.4 Illiteracy .................................................................................................................................. 34 9.2.5 Access to land resources ........................................................................................................ 34 10 DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE 3S CATCHMENT ................................................................... 36 10.1 Irrigation development............................................................................................................... 36 10.2 Hydropower development ......................................................................................................... 37 10.3 A controversial project: Lower Sesan 2 ...................................................................................... 38 11 AGENCIES WITH FUNCTIONS AFFECTING WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ...................... 39 12 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 45 3 MEKONG CPWF| Optimising cascades of hydropower (MK3) Basin Profile of the Lower Sekong, Sesan and Srepok (3s) Rivers in Cambodia LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Provinces of the 3S Rivers catchment ..........................................................................................6 Figure 2. The location of meteorological and hydrological stations............................................................8 Figure 3. Long-term average maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity at Stung Treng ................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 4. Monthly rainfall at Siempang station as a representative for the Sekong catchment ............... 11 Figure 5. Monthly rainfall at Voeun Sai station as a representative for the Sesan catchment ................. 11 Figure 6. Monthly rainfall at Lumphat station as a representative for the Srepok catchment ................. 12 Figure 7. Monthly flow characteristics of the Sekong at Chantangoy ....................................................... 14 Figure 8. Monthly flow characteristics of the Sesan at Voeun Sai ............................................................ 14 Figure 9. Monthly flow characteristics of the Sesan at Andaung Meas .................................................... 15 Figure 10. Monthly flow characteristics of the Srepok at Lumphat .......................................................... 16 Figure 12. Changes in land cover in the 3S catchment .............................................................................. 23 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Summary of hydrometeorological data availability in the 3S catchment. ..................................... 9 Table 2. Long-term average climate components at Stung Treng (CNMC, 2009). ...................................... 9 Table 5. Monthly rainfall (mm) at Voeun Sai station as a representative for the Sesan catchment (CNMC, 2009). ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Table 6. Monthly rainfall (mm) at Lumphat station as a representative for the Srepok catchment (Source: CNMC, 2009). .............................................................................................................................. 12 Table 7. Monthly flow (MCM) characteristics of the Sekong at Chantangoy (Source: CNMC, 2009). ...... 13 Table 8. Monthly flow (MCM) characteristics of the Sesan at Voeun Sai (Source: CNMC, 2009). ............ 14 Table 9. Monthly flow (MCM) characteristics of the Sesan at Andaung Meas (Source: CNMC, 2009). .... 15 Table 10. Monthly flow (MCM) characteristics of the Srepok at Lumphat (Source: CNMC, 2009). .......... 15 Table 11. Water quality indices of primary stations on the Sekong, Sesan and Srepok for 2004-2008 (Source: CNMC, 2009) ..............................................................................................................................

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