University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 12-2001 The effect of Cultural Affiliations on Attitudes, Beliefs, and Reactions to the Fighting Sioux Nickname Issue Between Northern Plains American Indian and Majority Culture College Students Angela LaRocque Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation LaRocque, Angela, "The effect of Cultural Affiliations on Attitudes, Beliefs, and Reactions to the Fighting Sioux Nickname Issue Between Northern Plains American Indian and Majority Culture College Students" (2001). Theses and Dissertations. 898. https://commons.und.edu/theses/898 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECT OF CULTURAL AFFILIATION ON ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, AND REACTIONS TO THE FIGHTING SIOUX NICKNAME ISSUE BETWEEN NORTHERN PLAINS AMERICAN INDIAN AND MAJORITY CULTURE COLLEGE STUDENTS by Angela LaRoeque Bachelor of Ails. University o f North Dakota, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2001 r$o6i This thesis, submitted by Angela R LaRoeque in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. This thesis meets the standards for appearance, conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby approved. Dale ii PERMISSION Title The Effect of Cultural Affiliation on Attitudes, Beliefs, and Reactions to the Fighting Sioux Nickname Issue Between Northern Plains American Indian and Majority Culture College Students Department Psychology Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, 1 agree that the library of the University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work, or in his absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the Graduate School. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission, it is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. hi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................. viii * ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT............................................................. x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION...................................;.....................................................I Definition of Key Terms............. 2 Brief History of American Indian Policy........ ............................................4 .American Indian Stereotyping........................... 8 Effects of Stereotyping................................................................................. 13 American Indians as Sport Mascots...................................................... 15 History of the Fighting Sioux Nicknatne/Logo at the University of North Dakota........................... 21 Cultural Orientation.,................................. ................................................22 Biculturalism........................... 23 Purpose and Study Hypotheses................... ...24 11. METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................26 Participants.............................. ............................................................... 26 Materials............................... .......................................................................26 IV Informed Consent 26 Demographic Questionnaire.... ................. ..................................... 27 University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux Nickname Attitudes, Beliefs, and Reactions (UNDFSNABR) Survey.... ...................... 27 Northern Plains Biculluralism Inventory (NPB1)...........................28 Procedure.............................................. ................................. 29 II!. RESULTS......................................................................................................31 Data Analyses.............................. ............................................................. 31 Respondent Characteristics.............................................................3 1 Pearson Product-Moment (PPM) Correlations..... ................... 37 t-Tcst Analyses.................... 42 IV. DISCUSSION............................................................................................... 49 V. APPENDICES................................................ 58 APPENDIX A: INFORMED CONSENT................................................. 59 APPENDIX B: DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONNAIRE.......................... 60 APPENDIX C: UND FIGHTING SIOUX NICKNAME ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, AND REACT IONS SURVEY.................................................. 61 APPENDIX D: NORTHERN PLAINS B1CULTURALISM INVENTORY............................................................................................... 64 APPENDIX E: FIGURES...........................................................................70 APPENDIX F: TRANSCRIPTIONS TO ITEM 22 ON THE UNDFSNABR SURVEY............................................................. 74 v APPENDIX G: HISTORY OF THE FIGHTING SIOUX NICKNAME AND LOGO AT UND............................................................................... 79 VI. REFERENCES............................................................................................96 vt LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. The Orthogonal Theory of Biculturalism.......................................................................70 2. NPBI Subscale Scatterploi................................................................................................71 3. NPBI American Indian Cultural Identification (AICI)..................................................72 4. NPBI European American Cultural Identification (EACI)........................................... 73 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Descriptive Demographics: Entire Sample..................................................................... 33 2. Descriptive Data by Cultural Group............. ................................................................35 3. Pearson Product-Moment Correlational Results Matrices: Entire Sample,................38 4. Correlational Matrices by Group..................................... 39 5. Selected Independent t-Test Results Between American Indians and Non-Indians.... 46 6. Selected Independent t-Test Results Between Traditional Indians and Assimilated Indians......................... 47 viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude and love to my husband, Wiley, Thank you for your reassurance, patience, and support throughout this process A special thank you to my parents. Vent and Margaret Judy Azure. Their guidance and support enabled me to realize my dream of succeeding in graduate school i would also like to thank my brother Vena, my sister-in-law Michelle, my indaws Mike and Sharon Allard and Emil LaRocque, and the rest of my family for their support and continuous w ords of encouragement. Megwctch to all of you. 1 would especially like to credit the person who made this study possible, my thesis advisor, Dr. Doug McDonald. In addition, I would like to recognize and thank my other committee members, Dr. Cheryl Terrance and Dr, John Tyler, for their advice and time on this endeavor. Finally, l would like to thank the Indians into Psychology Doctoral Education (1NPSYDE) Program research team members who assisted me diligently: Crystal Evans-Kipp, Angeliquc Gillis, Ben Poitra, Casey McDougall, and Alan Storey. Their time and efforts are appreciated more than they will ever know, ABSTRACT The main puqjo.sc of this study was to compare the effect of cultural affiliation on altitudes, beliefs, and reactions to the Fighting Sioux Nickname and logo issue for 60 Nonhem Plains American Indian college students and 61 non-Indian college students at the University of North Dakota. Subjects completed a demographic questionnaire and the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux Nickname Attitudes, Beliefs, and Reactions (UNDFSNABR) survey. In addition, American Indian subjects completed the Nonhem Plains Bicuhuralism Inventory (NPBI), Using the Northern Plains Biculluralisin Inventory (NPBI) to identify cultural identification among American Indian participants, the hypotheses of the current study were;: I,.I American Indian participants’ responses on the UND Fighting Sioux Nickname