MONOGRAPH INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATING CITIES 2017 “With industrialization and urbanization, our society has become diversified and the living space has been closed and structuralized. And as the space of communication for residents has disappeared, the sense of community has become weak. In this situation, it is natural that the role of public space is more important as the space of communication to promote coexistence among residents” Lee Kyung-hoon, Mayor of Saha-gu 2017 · CITY, CITY, LIVING TOGETHER AND EDUCATION 6 LIVING TOGETHER AND EDUCATION Monograph collection City, Living Together City, Social Inclusion and Education and Education Nº6 Nº5 City, Environment and City, Youth and Education Education Nº4 Nº3 City, Sport and City, Urban Planning Education and Education Nº2 Nº1 CITY, LIVING TOGETHER AND EDUCATION Index CITY, LIVING TOGETHER AND MONOGRAPH EDUCATION 4 Editorial Aina Tarabini Learning from Civic Space: Conflict, urban praxis and customary 6 justice Wendy Pullan Educating Cities and Creative Cities: Paths to 14 Better Coexistence Gilles Lipovetsky Education for Cosmopolitan Citizenship: supporting teachers and Articles 20 students in learning to live together in troubled times Audrey Osler Ethnically Mixed Schools as a Breeding Ground for Tolerance: 28 Implications for Local Government Jan Germen Janmaat Manuela Mónica Lee Petronella Carmena Fein Kyung-hoon Boonen Interviews 36 42 48 56 Intergenerational Projects in the City of Geneva 67 Esther Alder, Geneva City Council A Different City is Possible 71 Carme Fouces Díaz, Pontevedra City Council City of Peace Programme: Dialogue and Collective Action 74 in the Construction of Liveable Territories Ligia Maria Daher Gonçalves, São Bernardo do Campo City Council Experiences Building a More Fair and Diverse City: the BCN Anti- 79 Rumour Strategy as a Public Policy Barcelona City Council KAPS: Shared Apartments for Solidarity Projects 84 Rennes City Council Editorial oday’s world is shaped by many events at an purposes of an educating city is to guarantee social Tinternational scale that show worrisome signs of inclusion of all its members, thus improving their living fragmentation, isolation and social disengagement. The conditions and, as part of this quest, art plays an essential dramatic refugee crisis in Europe; Donald Trump’s rise to role insofar as it improves quality of life, not only from a the presidency of the United States; the recent terrorist personal perspective, but also, more importantly, in the attacks in several countries across the world; and the collective sense. The articles by Audrey Osler and Jan devastating effects of the global recession on poverty Germen Janmaat, on the other hand, focus specifically and inequality levels are some of the clearest examples. on schools as key environments for reinforcing peaceful However, in recent times we have also witnessed a coexistence. Osler identifies three key challenges for flourishing of social and citizen movements built on ensuring education for a cosmopolitan citizenry: the and through public spaces not only to protest setbacks ‘super-diversity’ resulting from migration processes; regarding political, social, economic, and cultural rights, Islamophobia and new forms of racism; and what the but also to consider new models of life that are more author refers to as the securitization of education or, in inclusive, cohesive and representative. And the fact is other words, the tendency to place ‘security’ ahead of that urban spaces are where the battle for peaceful social rights, both individual and collective. A school, coexistence and social cohesion is being played out. It is according to Osler, coupled with its immediate context a battle focused on improving living conditions for the and supported by the local administrations. Janmaat entire population, and raising the levels of social inclusion adds his voice, stressing the importance of ethnically based on reinforcing all citizens’ sense of belonging to a diverse school environments for promoting attitudes and joint project. practices that address inclusion, tolerance, and social The aim of this monograph, City, Living Together and cohesion, and develops several proposals for fighting Education, is precisely to highlight the active role that school segregation through local government policies. cities play from an educational perspective, fostering a Janmaat argues that segregation processes between better living together and social cohesion. The special and within schools reinforce social inequality and issue combines thematic articles with interviews and generate homogeneous school settings that encourage experiences that bring to light the many ways in which we stereotyping and distances between social groups, and can advance towards the construction of cities with more ultimately, hinder the possibility of living and coexisting justice, cohesion and integration, where everyone feels within a diverse environment. represented, respected, and heard; where everyone has a The second section features four interviews with political space to live with dignity. and social figures boasting long-standing experience The first section comprises four articles that address key in working to reinforce peaceful coexistence in their subjects regarding the city, living together, and education respective cities. Mayor of Madrid, Manuela Carmena, triad. First, Wendy Pullman offers a reflection on the addresses the relationships between justice, freedom, and importance of urban spaces as places to gather, interact security, and talks about the concept of urban violence, and acknowledge others; as places inherently marked by and its possible causes and solutions. She also highlights conflicts that open up the possibility of finding ‘creative’ the importance of education and participation as ways solutions to those very issues. In fact, it is through the to bring to light potential social conflicts and generate acknowledgment of differences and respect for others attitudes of tolerance and acceptance of others. Mónica that people from different backgrounds can begin to come Fein, Mayor of Rosario, reflects on the importance of together and work together, instead of fostering their putting into effect policies aimed at building cities with withdrawal into enclosed, disconnected spaces where they more justice, equality, and solidarity, and which value remain invisible to each other. Ultimately, a city is only a diversity. According to Fein, these policies must develop city when it implies diversity, and this diversity has to be from a two-fold approach that underlies all processes approached from the perspective of social justice. Next, of peaceful coexistence: citizen participation and the Gilles Lipovetsky makes a case on art and creativity as reinforcement of public spaces and services. Participatory a vehicle for personal development and social cohesion. budgets, neighbourhood meetings and co-operated Educating cities and creative cities are the two sides experiences between the government and civil society are of the same coin. As Lipovetsky notes, one of the key key examples. The Mayor of Saha-gu, Lee Kyung-hoon, CITY, LIVING TOGETHER ANDMONOGRAPH EDUCATION points out some of the strategies that are being pursued be prevented by fighting against one of their strongest in his city to improve the living conditions of its most pillars: lack of awareness together with fear. Accordingly, vulnerable citizens and support the many multicultural based on a participatory process and a network effort families, fostering integration of immigrant women and with the city’s neighbourhood associations, awareness- their children. His account clearly reveals the importance raising and communication are used to discount rumours, of multi-focus and multi-level strategies to reinforce the prejudices and stereotypes regarding cultural diversity degree of cohesion in the city as a whole. In the case while preventing racist attitudes and discriminatory of Saha-gu, community service centres, urban renewal practices, contributing to build a cohesive form of projects, strategic investment in art or culture-related intercultural coexistence. Last of all, the university city projects and reinforcing quality public education are the of Rennes presents its KAPS project involving shared basis for creating a fair, safe, happy city based on a sense apartment rentals based on community service actions. It of community and belonging for all. Lastly, Petronella offers students the possibility of sharing a social housing Boonen explains the meaning of restorative justice unit in an underprivileged neighbourhood in exchange as a model that strives to venture beyond traditional for carrying out a social project with local residents in criminal justice, moving from the logic of punishment order to promote peaceful coexistence and solidarity. to the logic of cooperation. Restorative justice is based This pioneering strategy reveals how cooperation on taking responsibility and on mutual acknowledgment between local social agents (local administration, housing of all involved parties in order to move on to repairing developers, students, citizens, etc.) is the basis for building the damage, rebuilding bonds and preventing future bridges between the population, developing social bonds conflicts. Therefore it is a model with a clearly educational and improving everybody’s quality of life. aim, stressing the value of key aspects such as support, Ultimately, the contributions to the monograph