Statistics South Africa CENSUS 2001 Achieving a better life for all Progress between Census ‘96 and Census 2001 Statistics South Africa Private Bag X44 Pretoria 0001 South Africa 170 Andries Street Pretoria 0002 User information services: (012) 310 8600 Fax: (012) 310 8500 Main switchboard: (012) 310 8911 Website: www.statssa.gov.za Email: [email protected] Report no. 03-02-16 (2001) Statistics South Africa 2005 Pali Lehohla Statistician-General Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2005 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user's independent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or application thereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from Stats SA. Stats SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) Data Census 2001: Achieving a better life for all: Progress between Census ’96 and Census 2001 / Statistics South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2005 215 p. (Report No. 03-02-16 (2001)) ISBN 0-621-34332-3 1. Population – South Africa 2. Statistics – South Africa 3. Census – South Africa 4. Households 5. Migration 6. Education 7. Disability I. Statistics South Africa (LCSH 16) A complete set of Stats SA publications is available at Stats SA Library and the following libraries: National Library of South Africa, Pretoria Division National Library of South Africa, Cape Town Division Library of Parliament, Cape Town Bloemfontein Public Library Natal Society Library, Pietermaritzburg Johannesburg Public Library Eastern Cape Library Services, King William's Town Central Regional Library, Polokwane Central Reference Library, Nelspruit Central Reference Collection, Kimberley Central Reference Library, Mmabatho This report is available on the Stats SA website: www.statssa.gov.za Copies are available from: Printing and Distribution, Statistics South Africa Tel: (012) 310 8044 / 310 8161 (012) 310 8161 Fax: (012) 321 7381 Email: [email protected] Progress between Census ’96 and Census 2001 Preface After the first democratic election in South Africa, one fundamental goal of the new government was to achieve a ‘better life for all’. In this report we attempt to answer the question of what has changed in the lives of South Africans to ensure a better life, and what still needs to change. The report, drawing on census data from 1996 and 2001, illustrates in detailed statistics the number of areas where achievements are evident and others where there remains much to be done. In the areas where much remains to be done, we ask: at what speed should those changes be occurring? This is a very important question, in view of government’s commitment to meeting the millennium development goals. Subsequent reports from Statistics South Africa’s ongoing survey programme will continue to monitor progress in these areas. This volume is a must for policy-makers, researchers, scholars and many other groups of interested citizens. Many of the detailed analyses and breakdowns included here have not been published before. In this way, the report gives a glimpse of the potential of the enormous data holdings that Stats SA has accumulated in the last ten years. It will be followed by another report drawing on data from Census 2001 that focuses on the life stages of South Africans from childhood to old age. I wish to thank all those who have contributed in any way to the production of this report, from the data collectors and data processors, to the writers and analysts, production staff and everyone in between. PJ Lehohla, Statistician-General April 2005 i Census 2001: Achieving a better life for all Statistics South Africa ii Progress between Census ’96 and Census 2001 Contents Preface i List of tables iv List of figures v Technical notes xii Executive summary 1 Section 1 – Orientation Chapter 1 – Introduction 8 Section 2 – Findings concerning individuals Chapter 2 – The population of South Africa 14 Chapter 3 – The age distribution of the population of South Africa 18 Chapter 4 – The language distribution of the population of South Africa 32 Chapter 5 – Movement of the population within South Africa 41 Chapter 6 – Education 48 Chapter 7 – The labour market 63 Chapter 8 – The work situation of the employed 82 Chapter 9 – Travel to an educational institution or work 100 Section 3 – Findings related to households Chapter 10 – Households and their heads 114 Chapter 11 – Dwellings and household size 129 Chapter 12 – Facilities and services available to households 141 Chapter 13 – Household goods 154 Section 4 – Two specific groups of people and conclusions Chapter 14 – Description of those not born in South Africa 162 Chapter 15 – Description of the disabled 174 Section 5 – Conclusions Chapter 16 – Implications and conclusions 196 Appendix 1: Extract from the Report of the Census Sub-Committee to the South African Statistics Council on Census 2001 200 Appendix 2: Comparison of the labour market data from Census 2001 and the labour force survey of September 2001 201 iii Census 2001: Achieving a better life for all List of tables Table 2.1: Number and percentage of people in each province by population group and sex, October 2001 16 Table 5.1: Number and percentage of people in each province, de facto and de jure count, October 2001 41 Table 5.2: Among those who moved between 1996 and 2001, the year in which they moved, by province in which they were living in October 2001 (numbers) 43 Table 5.3: Among those who moved between 1996 and 2001, the year in which they moved, by province in which they were living in October 2001 (percentages) 44 Table 5.4: Number of people who moved from one province to another between censuses, by province of previous residence and province of usual residence in October 2001 45 Table 5.5: Percentage distribution of people who moved from one province to another between censuses, within province of previous residence by province of usual residence in October 2001 46 Table 6.1: Highest level of education amongst those aged 20 years or more, 1996 and 2001 49 Table 6.2: Highest level of education amongst those aged 20 years or more by population group and sex, October 2001 53 Table 7.1: Labour market data from the census amongst those aged 15–65 years, 1996 and 2001 64 Table 7.2: Labour market status amongst those aged 15–64 years by highest level of education and five-year age interval (numbers), 2001 75 Table 9.1: Means of transport used by people attending an educational institution by type of institution (numbers), 2001 100 Table 10.1: Number of households in South Africa by province, and by sex and population group of household head, 1996 and 2001 115 Table 11.1: Distribution of households by number of rooms and number of people in the household, 2001 137 Table 12.1: Means of refuse disposal by enumeration area type, 2001 151 Table 14.1: Number of people counted in the census, by region of birth, sex and population group, 2001 163 Table 15.1: Distribution of the disabled by province and type of disability, 2001 175 Table 15.2: Extent of disability by province and age group (numbers), 2001 181 Statistics South Africa iv Progress between Census ’96 and Census 2001 List of figures Figure 2.1: Number of people in each province, 1996 and 2001 14 Figure 2.2: Percentage of people in each province, 1996 and 2001 15 Figure 3.1: Distribution of the total population by age group and sex, 1996 19 Figure 3.2: Distribution of the total population by age group and sex, 2001 19 Figure 3.3: Distribution of the black African population by age group and sex, 2001 20 Figure 3.4: Distribution of the coloured population by age group and sex, 2001 21 Figure 3.5: Distribution of the Indian/Asian population by age group and sex, 2001 21 Figure 3.6: Distribution of the white population by age group and sex, 2001 22 Figure 3.7: Distribution of the population by population group within each broad age band, 2001 23 Figure 3.8: Distribution of the Eastern Cape population by age group and sex, 2001 24 Figure 3.9: Distribution of the Free State population by age group and sex, 2001 24 Figure 3.10: Distribution of the Gauteng population by age group and sex, 2001 25 Figure 3.11: Distribution of the KwaZulu-Natal population by age group and sex, 2001 25 Figure 3.12: Distribution of the Limpopo population by age group and sex, 2001 26 Figure 3.13: Distribution of the Mpumalanga population by age group and sex, 2001 26 Figure 3.14: Distribution of the Northern Cape population by age group and sex, 2001 27 Figure 3.15: Distribution of the North West population by age group and sex, 2001 27 Figure 3.16: Distribution of the Western Cape population by age group and sex, 2001 28 Figure 3.17: Distribution of the population of each province by broad age band, 2001 29 Figure 3.18: Distribution of children aged 0–4 years in each province by relationship to the household head, 2001 30 Figure 4.1: Distribution of the population by language most often spoken at home, 1996 and 2001 33 Figure 4.2: Language most often spoken at home in Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape, compared with the distribution country-wide, 2001 34 Figure 4.3: Language most often spoken at home in Free State, North West and Limpopo, compared with the distribution country-wide, 2001 35 Figure 4.4: Language most often spoken at home in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal