IMPACT OF JIBIA DAM IRRIGATION PROJECT ON WHEAT PRODUCTION AND LIVELIHOOD OF BENEFITING FARMERS IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA BY Abubakar Bindawa SULAIMAN MSc /AGRIC /46200 /2012-13 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER IN SCIENCE DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, KADUNA STATE NIGERIA FEBRUARY, 2016 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation titled “Impact of Jibia Dam Irrigation Project on Wheat Production and Livelihood of Benefiting farmers in Katsina State, Nigeria” has been written by me and it is a record of my research work. No part of this work has been presented in any previous application for another degree or diploma at any institution. All borrowed ideas have been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. ___________________________ ________________ Abubakar Bindawa Sulaiman Date Student ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation titled „Impact of Jibia Dam Irrigation Project on Wheat Production and Livelihood of Benefiting Farmers in Katsina State, Nigeria’, by Abubakar Bindawa SULAIMAN meets the regulations governing the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to scientific knowledge and literary presentation. _____________________________ _________________ Prof. T. K. Atala Date Chairman, Supervisory Committee ____________________________ __________________ Dr. M. W. Musa Date Member, Supervisory Committee ___________________________ ____________________ Prof. Z. Abdulsalam Date Head of Department ___________________________ ________________ Prof. K. Bala Date Dean, School of postgraduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to Almighty Allah (SWT) who created the universe and the creator of all creatures. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I glorify the exalted name of Almighty Allah (SWT), the cherisher and sustainer of the universe, for His mercy, assistance and protection and for seeing me through this programme successfully. I wish to express my deep appreciation to my supervisors, Prof. T.K. Atala and Dr. M.W. Musa for their invaluable assistance, close supervision, constructive criticisms, suggestion and pieces of advice that aided the completion of this work. May God bless you and your families. My appreciation also goes to Prof. Z. Abdussalam for his support and encouragement. May Allah bless you and your family. I also wish to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my parent, Alhaji Sulaiman Ladan Bindawa and Hajiya Fatima Sulaiman, whose parental care, encouragement and advice have been source of inspiration all through my life; and my family, Sani Sulaiman and Husaini Sulaiman, for their patience, words of encouragement, prayers and support from my wife Zainab Garba. May the Almighty Allah bless you and keep us together. My appreciation also go to members of my extended family including Amina Sulaiman, Hajiya Rahane, Bar. Aliyu Ibrahim and Mallam Abdulkadir Ladan for their advice and support. Special thanks to Alhaji Lawal Isah Mani, Prof. M.A. Bindawa, Dr. Almu A. Bindawa, Mall. Ahmad Danlami Abubakar, Mujittaba Saidu Baure, Ibrahim Ahmad Hassan, Dr. M. K. Usman, Abel Gomina, Garba Umar, Halliru Abdullahi and all other families and friends. May Almighty Allah reward you all. Lastly, I sincerely express my gratitude to all students of the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology and all staff of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page Title Page…………………………………………………………………………... i Declaration………………………………………………………………………. ii Certification………………………………………………………………………... iii Dedication………………………………………………………………………. iv Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………. v Table of content……………………………………………………………………. vi List of tables……………………………………………………………………….. x List of figures……………………………………………………………………… xi List of appendices...................................................................................................... xii Abstract..................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE………………………………………………………………… 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………............ 1 1.1 Background of the study………………………………………………… 1 1.2 Problem Statement………………………………………………………. 3 1.3 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………. 5 1.4 Justification of the Study………………………………………………... 6 1.5 Hypotheses of the study………………………………………………….. 7 CHAPTER TWO………………………………………………………………... 8 LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………..... 8 2.1 An Overview of Irrigation Agriculture in Nigeria…………………………... 8 2.2 Wheat Production in Nigeria………………………………………………... 10 2.3. Review of some Irrigation Projects in Nigeria................................................ 12 2.3.1 Jibia Dam Irrigation Project.................................................................. 12 vi 2.3.2 Bakalori Irrigation Dam............................................................................... 14 2.3.3 Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP)......................................................... 16 2.4. Socio Economic Characteristics of Farmers Participating in Agricultural Projects…………………………………………………………... 18 2.5 Factors Influencing Farmer‟s Participation in Agricultural Projects…………... 19 2.6. Impact of Irrigation Projects on Output, Income and Livelihood of the People……………………………………………………. 21 2.7. Constraints Faced by Beneficiaries of Agricultural and Rural Development Projects………………………………………………... 22 2.8. Theoretical Frame Work……………………………………………………. 23 2.8.1. The Social Change Theory……………………………………………….. 23 2.8.2 Theory of Participation………………………………………………….. 24 2.8.3 The Impact Assessment Perspective………………………………………. 25 2.9 Review of Analytical Tools.............................................................................. 26 2.9.1 Descriptive statistics..................................................................................... 26 2.9.2 Chow test....................................................................................................... 27 2.10 Conceptual Frame Work…………………………………………………...... 27 CHAPTER THREE................................................................................................. 29 Methodology ..........………………………………………………………………. 29 3.1. The Study Area……………………………………………………………... 29 3.2. Sampling Procedure and Sample Size……………………………………… 30 3.3. Data collection……………………………………………………………… 31 3.4. Analytical techniques......................................................................................... 31 3.5. Model Specifications……………………………………………………….. 32 3.5.1. Logit regression model…………………………………………………… 32 3.5.2. Chow test statistics………………………………………………………. 34 3.6. Operationalization and Measurement of variables…………………………. 35 vii 3.6.1 Independent variables……………………………………………………... 35 3.6.2 Dependent variable………………………………………………………... 37 3.6.3 Expected outcome…………………………………………………………. 38 CHAPTER FOUR………………………………………………………………. 39 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………….............................................. 39 4.1 Socio-Economic Characteristics of Respondents………………………. 39 4.1.1 Age distribution………………………………………………………… 39 4.1.2 Marital status distribution………………………………………………. 39 4.1.3 Educational level………………………………………………………… 40 4.1.4 Household size…………………………………………………………... 40 4.1.5 Farming experience……………………………………………………… 41 4.1.6 Farm Size……………………………………………………………….. 41 4.2 Factors Influencing Participation of Respondents in Jibia Irrigation Project on Wheat Production…………………………………. 43 4.3 Impact of Jibia irrigation project on output of wheat farmers…………….. 47 4.3.1 Impact of Jibia irrigation project on yield of wheat farmers……………. 48 4.4 Impact of Jibia irrigation project on income of wheat farmers………… 49 4.4.1 Impact of Jibia irrigation project on living standard of wheat farmers……………………………………………………………. 50 4.5 Constraints Encountered by participant in the Implementation of the Project………………………………………….. 51 CHAPTER FIVE………………………………………………………………...... 53 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS......…………....... 53 5.1. Summary……………………………………………………………………. 53 5.2. Conclusions…………………………………………………………………. 54 5.3. Recommendations………………………………………………………….. 54 viii 5.4. Contribution to knowledge…………………………………………………. 56 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………. 57 ix LIST OF TABLES Tables Page Table 3.1: Distribution of Respondents in the Study Area……………………… 31 Table 4.1: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Wheat Farmers……………......... 42 Table 4.2: Factors Influencing Participation of Respondents in Jibia Irrigation Project on Wheat Production.................................................... 46 Table 4.3: Impact of Jibia Irrigation Project on output of wheat farmers............... .47 Table 4.4: Impact of Jibia Irrigation Project on yield of wheat farmers………… 48 Table 4.5: Impact of Jibia Irrigation Project on income of wheat farmers……… 49 Table 4.6: Impact of Jibia Irrigation Project on level of living of wheat farmers… 50 Table 4.7: Constraints Encountered by participant in the Implementation of the Project.................................................................. 52 x LIST OF FIGURE Figure Page Figure 2.1: Conceptual Model for impact of Jibia Dam Irrigation Project on Wheat Production and