Naval War College Review Volume 57 Number 3 Summer/Autumn Article 28 2004 Summer/Autumn 2004 Full Issue The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation War College, The U.S. Naval (2004) "Summer/Autumn 2004 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 57 : No. 3 , Article 28. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol57/iss3/28 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. War College: Summer/Autumn 2004 Full Issue NAVAL WAR C OLLEGE REVIEW NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Summer/Autumn 2004 Volume LVII, Number 3/4 Summer/Autumn 2004 Summer/Autumn N ES AV T A A L T W S A D R E C T I O L N L U E E G H E T I VIRIBU OR A S CT MARI VI Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2004 1 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Naval War College Review, Vol. 57 [2004], No. 3, Art. 28 Cover The Greek philosopher Aristotle (c. 384–322 BC), who by virtue of his Nichomachean Ethics is arguably the founder of ethics as a secular study, in contradistinction to the more religiously oriented moral philosophy of his teacher Plato, and of Plato’s own mentor, Socrates. Over 2,300 years later, ethics—as a practical discipline as well as a scholarly pursuit—remains a central concern of the Naval War College. Our Summer/Autumn issue collects, under the rubric “Legal and Ethical Issues of IRAQI FREEDOM,” arti- cles emerging from, and addressing key issues of, the College’s fifteenth annual Professional Ethics Conference, held in November 2003. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol57/iss3/28 2 C:\WIP\NWCR\NWC Review Summer_Autumn 2004.vp Tuesday, September 28, 2004 12:26:19 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen War College: Summer/Autumn 2004 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Summer/Autumn 2004 Volume LVII, Number 3/4 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2004 3 C:\WIP\NWCR\NWC Review Summer_Autumn 2004.vp Tuesday, September 28, 2004 12:26:20 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Naval War College Review, Vol. 57 [2004], No. 3, Art. 28 The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 as a forum for discus- sion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The thoughts and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Navy Department, or NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW ADVISORY BOARD the Naval War College. Professor Inis L. Claude, Jr. The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to com- Dr. Norman Friedman mands and activities of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; regu- Professor Colin Gray lar and reserve officers of U.S. services; foreign officers and civilians having a Captain Wayne P. Hughes, Jr., U.S. Navy, Ret. present or previous affiliation with the Naval War College; selected U.S. gov- Professor Paul M. Kennedy ernment officials and agencies; and selected U.S. and international libraries, Professor James R. Kurth research centers, publications, and educational institutions. The Honorable Robert J. Murray Professor George H. Quester Contributors Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale, U.S. Navy, Ret. 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Haass The issue implicit in the debates that surround Iraq, Afghanistan, and all the other wars of our time is: How do you discover the wisdom when confronted with a range of difficult alternatives? How do you exercise good judgment? Legal and Ethical Issues of IRAQI FREEDOM A Note from the Editors . 17 The Trouble with Mixed Motives Debating the Political, Legal, and Moral Dimensions of Intervention . 19 Commander Susan D. Fink, U.S. Navy The strains in the transatlantic relationship from disagreement about the authorization and justification for the Iraq war arise from failure of national governments to balance the moral, legal, and political elements of which motives in international politics are invariably a mixture. In the 1999 Kosovo intervention, all three imperatives were satisfied; how can such consensus be reached in the future? Jus Post Bellum The Moral Responsibilities of Victors in War . 33 Rear Admiral Louis V. Iasiello, Chaplain Corps, U.S. Navy Traditionally, the categories of jus ad bellum (a just decision to wage war) and jus in bello (just behavior in war) have defined “just war.” This theory has been continually adapted and revised to reflect ever-changing geopolitical realities, and events in Afghanistan and Iraq suggest it is time for a fundamental expansion of scope. Has the time come to embrace a third category—jus post bellum, justice in the postconflict stage of war? A Legal Appraisal of Military Action in Iraq . 53 James P. Terry Saddam Hussein, in over a decade of deception and defiance ending in March 2003, repudiated sixteen United Nations Security Council resolutions designed to ensure that Iraq did not threaten international peace and circumvented ten others imposing economic sanctions. What is the international law related to intervention in the case of such violations? The values underlying the UN Charter must be reconciled with its procedures. Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2004 5 C:\WIP\NWCR\NWC Review Summer_Autumn 2004.vp Tuesday, September 28, 2004 12:26:20 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 2 NAVAL WARNaval COLLEGE War REVIEW College Review, Vol. 57 [2004], No. 3, Art. 28 Principia Leviathan The Moral Duties of American Hegemony . 67 Neta C. Crawford How should the United States provide for its security in a context of both unprecedented power and vulnerability? Is it required in this situation to act as Leviathan to promote a Pax Americana? The United States can pursue its security interests and an ethical foreign policy at the same time, and that would be the most promising route to success in both the war on terror and the promotion of democracy and stability.