Asia’s Energy Trends and Developments Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies volume 1 8599V1_9789814425575_tp.indd 1 12/3/13 12:01 PM b1468 Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies 12 March 2013 11:47 AM This page intentionally left blank bb1468_FM.indd1468_FM.indd iiii 33/12/2013/12/2013 111:47:171:47:17 AAMM Asia’s Energy Trends and Developments Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies volume 1 Editors Mark Hong Asan Institute for Policy Studies, South Korea Amy Lugg Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI 8599V1_9789814425575_tp.indd 2 12/3/13 12:01 PM Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Asia's energy trends and developments (in 2 volumes) / [edited by] Mark Hong, Asan Institute for Policy Studies, South Korea, Amy V.R. Lugg, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. volumes cm Includes index. ISBN 978-9814425612 (Set) ISBN 978-9814425575 (Vol. 1) ISBN 978-9814425605 (Vol. 2) 1. Power resources--Asia. 2. Energy development--Asia. 3. Energy policy--Asia. I. Hong, Mark, editor of compilation. II. Lugg, Amy V. R., editor of compilation. HD9502.A782A77 2013 333.79095--dc23 2013000742 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. In-house Editor: Lum Pui Yee Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore Pui Yee - Asia's Energy Trends.pmd 1 3/6/2013, 10:32 AM b1468 Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies 12 March 2013 6:12 PM FOREWORD This book continues the sterling work published by the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) of the ISEAS Energy Studies’ Books series. They are based on lectures delivered at the ISEAS Energy Forum, which was launched in June 2004, and ended in September 2011, having organized 135 energy seminars and conferences. This volume also includes papers contributed by invited writers, who are experts on various energy issues. These books serve to capture in a permanent book format the knowledge and data which were delivered in the Forum lectures, and might serve to help educate and sensitize the public about energy issues, as well as the persons who for some reason or other, had missed the lectures. Energy issues, such as energy security, energy efficiency and related subjects, such as climate change, global warming and global competition for resources, are still salient on the international agenda. The global financial crisis serves to underline the key roles that dependable, afford- able and accessible energy resources play in the global economy. Global economic recovery would be difficult if oil and gas prices should reach the spike in energy prices seen in 2008. China’s continuing high growth rates in the past few years, which have enabled China to play the role of global economic locomotive at a time when the G3 economies, namely, USA, EU and Japan were all simultaneously suffering from low growth, also depend on affordable energy prices. What is remarkable about this book is the wide range of energy issues addressed therein. From climate change to clean energy; from energy innovation to Nano-energy, this volume ranges far and wide. It provides much useful data and expertise on energy issues. Readers all over the world might benefit by careful reading of this publication. v bb1468_FM.indd1468_FM.indd v 33/12/2013/12/2013 55:59:20:59:20 PPMM b1468 Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies 12 March 2013 6:12 PM vi Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies The book concludes with a special section on nuclear energy issues in Asia. It is important to note that at the time of submission of the nuclear papers, the Fukushima disaster had not yet happened and it is clear that since that tragic event, there has been a severe rethink about nuclear safety. This section examines the potential role of nuclear power in Asia as a whole and in some individual Southeast Asian countries. It also describes the possibilities for cooperation in terms of the regulatory infrastructure and safeguards that need to be put in place, and soberly assesses all the various risks involved in building and operating nuclear power plants. We are happy to contribute to the global debate on energy issues via this volume and this series. Finally, we would like to thank all contributors for their immense patience and understanding throughout the publications process. Mark Hong & Amy Lugg Editors July 2012 bb1468_FM.indd1468_FM.indd vvii 33/12/2013/12/2013 55:59:20:59:20 PPMM b1468 Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies 12 March 2013 6:12 PM CONTRIBUTORS Tan Yong Soon was Permanent Secretary for National Climate Change in the Prime Minister’s Office until his retirement on 1 October 2012, after 35 years in public service. He studied at Raffles Institution and National Junior College, Singapore, and graduated with a BA (Hons) and an MA from Cambridge University, an MBA from the National University of Singapore and an MPA from Harvard University. He also attended the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School. He began his career in the Singapore Armed Forces and rose to the rank of Brigadier General before joining the Administrative Service. He has served as Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Finance, CEO of the Urban Redevelopment Authority and Permanent Secretary for the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. He was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Military) (Gold) and the Public Administration Medal (Gold). He is married and has two children. Goh Chee Kiong has been Head of Environment and Clean Energy at the Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) since 2003. In this capacity, he leads the development of strategies and promotion of the cleantech industry, including water technologies and solar energy, which has been identified as a key growth area for Singapore. He is concurrently Director of Cluster Development in the multi-agency Environment and Water Industry Development Council (EWI). Prior to this, Mr. Goh was Director of the EDB Chicago office from 2000 to 2003 where he managed the relationship with potential and existing American investors in the Midwest region. E-mail: [email protected] vii bb1468_FM.indd1468_FM.indd vviiii 33/12/2013/12/2013 55:59:20:59:20 PPMM b1468 Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies 12 March 2013 6:12 PM viii Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies Hiranmayee Vedam is a commercialisation expert specialising in tech- nology-based companies in materials, wireless and energy. She combines her experience in technology, business, IP and finance to provide venture capital companies and SMEs with deal sourcing, due diligence and busi- ness development services. She provides strategic policy support to gov- ernments and maintains the Singapore Nanotechnology Ecosystem Map as part of the SingNano initiative. She also provides interim management and project management support to young startups in the nanotech space. She has authored multiple reports, journal articles and book chapters. She has organised seminars on the Singapore nanotechnology landscape and has been a speaker at nanotech conferences. Prior to her current role, Hiran was a senior manager at the National University of Singapore (NUS) Industry Liaison Office. There, she was involved in spinning off companies, licensing technologies to commercial companies and in busi- ness development activities to promote collaboration between NUS and the industry. She consolidated NUS’s nanotechnology capabilities and championed the setting up of a proof-of-concept centre for nanotechnol- ogy, which in its modified form is part of the NanoCore group at NUS. Prior to joining NUS, Hiran founded and managed MAtrika Pte. Ltd., a wireless applications company. There, she developed a location tracking product by securing angel funding. She was a programme manager at Honeywell Singapore Technology Centre where she was employee num- ber one and managed relationships with business units, academic institu- tions and government funding agencies. While there, she also established the Asia-Pacific abnormal situation management consortium with several petrochemical companies in the Asia-Pacific region. She has been work- ing in Singapore for more than 10 years. She has an MBA from INSEAD, a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Purdue University and a BTech in Chemical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. E-mail: [email protected] Geoffrey C. Nicholson was born in 1938 in Co. Durham, England and attended Grammar School in Houghton-le-Spring. He was awarded his PhD degree in Chemistry from Imperial College London in 1963. With employment very limited, and the space race being on, he became part of the brain drain and joined 3M in 1963 in Minnesota, USA. After several years in 3M’s Central Research Laboratories, he was appointed bb1468_FM.indd1468_FM.indd vviiiiii 33/12/2013/12/2013 55:59:20:59:20 PPMM b1468 Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies 12 March 2013 6:12 PM Contributors ix to positions in the company’s Visual Products and Commercial Tape busi- ness units.