RAPORT Analysis of combined transport terminal operations Identification of measures to improve terminals in BSR Activity: WP 3, Activity 1 Version: Final Date: 06/03/2020 Bogusz Wiśnicki City of Bydgoszcz CONTENTS Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Classification of combined transport terminals ............................................................................... 4 1.1. Types and categories of terminals .......................................................................................... 4 1.2. Representative terminal models.............................................................................................. 9 2. Infrastructure of combined transport terminals ............................................................................. 11 2.1. Elements of infrastructure of combined transport terminals ................................................. 11 2.2. Large rail-road terminal ......................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Small rail-road terminal ......................................................................................................... 14 2.4. Trimodal river terminal .......................................................................................................... 16 2.5. Border terminal ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.6. Ro-La terminal ....................................................................................................................... 19 2.7. Modalohr technology specialized terminal ............................................................................ 21 2.8. Cargobeamer technology specialized terminal ..................................................................... 23 3. Transhipment equipment of combined transport terminals ........................................................... 25 3.1. Types of transhipment equipment of combined transport terminals ..................................... 25 3.2. Primary Lo-Lo handling equipment ....................................................................................... 27 3.3. Primary Ro-Ro handling equipment ...................................................................................... 31 3.4. Secondary handling and internal transport equipment ......................................................... 32 3.5. Equipment of model terminals............................................................................................... 35 4. Handling processes of combined transport ................................................................................... 39 4.1. Organization of work of combined transport terminal ........................................................... 39 4.2. Combined terminal services .................................................................................................. 39 4.3. Services to means of rail transport ....................................................................................... 41 4.4. Handling processes of the large rail-road terminal ............................................................... 44 4.5. Handling processes of the trimodal river terminal ................................................................. 47 4.6. Handling processes of the Ro-La terminal ............................................................................ 50 4.7. Handling processes of the Modalohr terminal ....................................................................... 53 4.8. Handling processes of the Cargobeamer terminal................................................................ 56 5. Performance indicators of combined transport terminals ............................................................. 59 5.1. Technological performance indicators .................................................................................. 59 5.2. Organizational and economic performance indicators .......................................................... 62 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 67 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 69 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ 71 List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... 73 ANALYSIS OF COMBINED TRANSPORT TERMINAL OPERATIONS Page 2 / 73 Introduction Because of the broad meaning of terms in the field of combined transport, certain assumptions have been made in order to show the topic fully and to systematize it. This analysis focuses on issues related to the operation of bimodal (rail-road, rail-rail) and trimodal (river-rail-road) combined terminals. In accordance with the recommendations of the commissioning party the City of Bydgoszcz, the analysis does not take into account the air and sea transport. The results of the analysis are to be used in the process of creating Bydgoszcz - Solec Kujawski multimodal platform accompanied with the necessary technical and organizational facilities. From a spatial point of view, this analysis focuses on the European transport market with particular emphasis on the Baltic Sea Region. The analysis covers technological and process issues of combined transport and it discusses technologies currently used or, which according to the authors, have a chance for future development. Model examples of intermodal terminals are presented, taking into account infrastructure elements, transhipment (handling) equipment as well as terminal processes. This scope of the analysis is aimed at identifying various types of measures to improve the operation of terminals in BSR. As the result, the indicators for monitoring and improvement the quantitative and qualitative nature of terminal processes are presented. The report consists of five chapters, the first of which focuses on creating a full classification of combined transport terminals. The next two chapters identify infrastructure elements and equipment necessary for the functioning of combine transport terminals. The fourth chapter focuses on terminal processes, distinguishing the process of handling loading units and the process of handling means of transport. The last, fifth chapter presents measures of transhipment and organisational efficiency of combined transport terminals. As part of the analysis, the following definition of combined transport was adopted1: "Intermodal transport, in which the majority of travel is made by rail, inland or sea waterways, and all initial and / or final road sections are as short as possible." At the same time, this definition requires clarification of the concept of intermodal transport, which is a form of transport using at least two transport modes for the carriage of cargo in the form of an intermodal transport unit (ITU), also known as an intermodal cargo unit. This intermodal transport unit can be a standard container, a swap body, a semi-trailer or an articulated vehicle, provided that the transhipment of the cargo themselves when changing means of transport is not performed. Often the articulated vehicle is also treated as a type of ITU. Intermodal transport assumes full organizational and technical cooperation, among others in the field of documentation, technology or organization of the movement of an intermodal transport unit in the logistics chain. 1 Combined Transport Directive 92/106/EEC, European Commission, SWD(2016) 141 final ANALYSIS OF COMBINED TRANSPORT TERMINAL OPERATIONS Page 3 / 73 1. Classification of combined transport terminals 1.1. Types and categories of terminals In the narrowest sense, the combined transport terminal is an infrastructure point where the intermodal load unit is moved from one mode of transport to another. In a broader scope, the combined transport terminal can be described as a hub in the transport or logistics network, in which it performs many additional functions besides the basic transhipment function (e.g. consolidation, storage, forwarding). Due to the fact that combined transport terminals may differ significantly from each other, their multi-criteria classification is necessary. The following classification was created based on literature sources2 and the expert knowledge of the authors of the analysis. The classification was created according to predefined assumptions, while enabling the matching of any combined transport terminal to each of the indicated categories of classification. In the further part of the analysis this possibility was shown on the basis of selected sample terminals. The developed classification of combined transport terminals will take into account nine categories of classification: 1. Classification by type of transhipped units: 1.1. container terminals, 1.2. terminals handling containers and swap bodies, 1.3. terminals handling containers, swap bodies and semi-trailers, 1.4. terminals handling semi-trailers, 1.5. terminals handling articulated vehicles (tractor and semi-trailer). 2. Classification by terminal transhipment capacity: 2.1. small terminals (less than 25000