Date: 4 th September, 2006 Issue: 1 Status: Approved SIL Uganda-Tanzania Branch Lunyole Project Lunyole Phonology Statement Author: Rev. Enoch Wandera Namulemu Approvers: Steve Nicolle – Linguistics Consultant © SIL International 2006 Document Title: Lunyole Date:4 th September, 2006 Phonology Statement Issue: 1 Status: Approved Table of Contents 1 Distribution List ............................................................................................................................ 5 2 Document Storage: ........................................................................................................................ 6 3 Document History Log .................................................................................................................. 6 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 7 5 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 8 5.1 Name of the Language and its speakers ................................................................................ 8 5.2 Geography ............................................................................................................................. 8 5.3 Demography .......................................................................................................................... 8 5.4 Language family .................................................................................................................... 8 5.5 Socio-linguistic situation ..................................................................................................... 10 5.6 Previous Phonological Analysis .......................................................................................... 10 5.7 The purpose of this analysis ................................................................................................ 10 5.8 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 11 6 SEGMENTS ................................................................................................................................ 12 6.1 Inventory of Phonemes ........................................................................................................ 12 6.1.1 Consonants ................................................................................................................. 12 8. PHONEME DISTRIBUTION ..................................................................................................... 31 10. MORPHOPHONEMICS ..................................................................................................... 38 10.2.4 Hardening/Consonant mutation ............................................................................................. 41 11 ORTHOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................. 46 11.1 The Alphabet .................................................................................................................................. 46 11.2 Consonants ..................................................................................................................................... 46 11.2.1 Consonant chart ..................................................................................................................... 46 11.2.2 Plain Consonants .................................................................................................................... 47 11.2.2.1 Fricative b and plosive b................................................................................................ 47 11.2.2.2 Voiceless palatal affricate.............................................................................................. 47 11.2.2.3 Palatal nasal ................................................................................................................... 48 11.2.2.4 Velar nasal ..................................................................................................................... 48 11.2.2.4 The letters r and l ........................................................................................................... 48 11.2.3 Prenasalization ....................................................................................................................... 48 11.2.3.1 Prenasalized bb .............................................................................................................. 48 11.2.3.2 Prenasalized g ................................................................................................................ 49 11.2.3.3 Prenasalization, morphophonemic changes ................................................................... 49 11.2.4 Labialization .......................................................................................................................... 50 Page 2 of 68 Document Title: Lunyole Date:4 th September, 2006 Phonology Statement Issue: 1 Status: Approved 11.2.5 Palatalization .......................................................................................................................... 51 11.2.5.1 The palatalized n ........................................................................................................... 51 11.2.5.2 The palatal nasal and the palatalized n .......................................................................... 51 12.3 Vowels ............................................................................................................................................ 52 11.3.1 Vowel chart ............................................................................................................................ 52 11.3.2 Vowel length .......................................................................................................................... 52 11.4 Tone ................................................................................................................................................ 53 11.4.1 Lexical tone ............................................................................................................................ 53 11.4.2 Grammatical tone .................................................................................................................. 54 11.5 Word Junctures ............................................................................................................................... 55 11.5.1 Introduction to word junctures ............................................................................................... 55 11.5.2 Key factors for determining Word Junctures ................................................................... 56 11.5.2.1 Affixes ................................................................................................................................ 56 11.5.2.1.1 Verb affixes ................................................................................................................. 56 11.5.2.1.2 Negative affixes .......................................................................................................... 56 11.5.2.1.3 Locative verbal clitics ................................................................................................ 56 11.5.2.1.4 Evidentiality markers ................................................................................................. 57 11.5.2.1.5 Derivational suffixes ................................................................................................... 57 Bu-, Wu, and Ma- ....................................................................................................................... 57 11.5.2.1.6 Class prefixes ............................................................................................................. 58 11.5.3. Independent Words ............................................................................................................... 58 12.5.3.1 Auxiliaries ..................................................................................................................... 58 11.5.3.2 Questions ....................................................................................................................... 58 11.5.3.3 Complementizer ............................................................................................................ 59 11.5.3.4 Locatives written as separate words .............................................................................. 59 11.5.3.5 Demonstratives .............................................................................................................. 59 11.5.3.6 Prepositions ................................................................................................................... 60 11.5.3.7 Adjectives ...................................................................................................................... 60 11.5.3.8 Evidentiality markers .................................................................................................... 60 11.5.3.9 Possessive pronouns ...................................................................................................... 61 11.5.4 Compounds....................................................................................................................... 61 11.5.4.4 Possession ....................................................................................................................