Introduction to UNIX Command Line ● Files and directories ● Some useful commands (echo, cat, grep, find, diff, tar) ● Redirection ● Pipes ● Variables ● Background processes ● Remote connections (e.g. ssh, wget) ● Scripts The Command Line ● What is it? ● An interface to UNIX ● You type commands, things happen ● Also referred to as a “shell” ● We'll use the bash shell – check you're using it by typing (you'll see what this means later): ● echo $SHELL ● If it doesn't say “bash”, then type bash to get into the bash shell Files and Directories / home var usr mcuser abenson drmentor science catvideos stuff data code report M51.fits simulate.c analyze.py report.tex Files and Directories ● Get a pre-made set of directories and files to work with ● We'll talk about what these commands do later ● The “$” is the command prompt (yours might differ). Type what's listed after hit, then press enter. $$ wgetwget http://bit.ly/1TXIZSJhttp://bit.ly/1TXIZSJ -O-O playground.tarplayground.tar $$ tartar xvfxvf playground.tarplayground.tar Files and directories $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd playgroundplayground $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescience $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories “Present Working Directory” $$ pwdpwd Shows the full path of your current /home/abenson/home/abenson location in the filesystem. $$ cdcd playgroundplayground $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescience $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories $$ pwdpwd “Change Directory” /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd playgroundplayground Change to a new directory – relative to $$ pwdpwd current location unless you give a full /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground path $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescience $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd playgroundplayground $$ pwdpwd “LiSt” /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground $$ lsls List the content of the current directory. animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescienceShows both directories and files. $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd playgroundplayground $$ pwdpwd “LiSt” /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground $$ lsls List the content of the current directory. animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescienceShows both directories and files. $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd playgroundplayground $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground “MaKe DIRectory” $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescience Make a new directory in the current $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff directory $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd playgroundplayground $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground “MaKe DIRectory” $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescience Make a new directory in the current $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff directory $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd playgroundplayground $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescience $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls Options “-l” to ls requests a long badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt listing. $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd playgroundplayground $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/playground/home/abenson/playground $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments sciencescience $$ mkdirmkdir mystuffmystuff $$ lsls animalsanimals documentsdocuments mystuffmystuff sciencescience $$ cdcd animals/mammalsanimals/mammals $$ lsls Options “-l” to ls requests a long badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt listing. $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt Files and directories $ pwd $ pwd /home/abenson /home/abenson $ cd playground $ cd playground $ pwd $ pwd /home/abenson/playground /home/abenson/playground $ ls $ ls animals documents science animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff $ mkdir mystuff $ ls $ ls animals documents mystuff science animals documents mystuff science $ cd animals/mammals $ cd animals/mammals $ ls $ ls badger.txt porcupine.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt $ ls -l $ ls -l total 8 total 8 -rw-r--r--.Permiss io1 nabensons abenson 1944 May 31 18:03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson 1944 May 31 18:03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson 1347 May 31 18:05 porcupine.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson 1347 May 31 18:05 porcupine.txt User Group Size in bytes e Creation tim File name Files and directories $$ lsls -a-a .. .... badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ cdcd .. $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/playground/animals/mammals/home/abenson/playground/animals/mammals $$ cdcd .... $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/playground/animals/home/abenson/playground/animals $$ cdcd $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson $$ cdcd ~~ $$ pwdpwd /home/abenson/home/abenson Files and directories $$ cdcd ~/playground/animals/mammals/~/playground/animals/mammals/ $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ chmodchmod go+wgo+w badger.txtbadger.txt $$ lsls -l-l totaltotal 88 -rw-rw-rw-.-rw-rw-rw-. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 19441944 MayMay 3131 18:0318:03 badger.txtbadger.txt -rw-r--r--.-rw-r--r--. 11 abensonabenson abensonabenson 13471347 MayMay 3131 18:0518:05 porcupine.txtporcupine.txt $$ cpcp badger.txtbadger.txt super_badger.txtsuper_badger.txt $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt super_badger.txtsuper_badger.txt $$ mvmv super_badger.txtsuper_badger.txt super_mellivorinae.txtsuper_mellivorinae.txt $$ lsls badger.txtbadger.txt porcupine.txtporcupine.txt super_mellivorinae.txtsuper_mellivorinae.txt