LORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY VOLUME 91 SUMMER 2012 NUMBER 1 The Florida Historical Quarterly Published by the Florida Historical Society · Connie L. Lester, Editor Daniel S. Murphree, Assistant Editor and Book Review Editor Robert Cassanello, Podcast Editor Sponsored by the University of Central Florida Board of Editors Jack Davis, University of Florida James M. Denham, Florida Southern College Andrew Frank, Florida State University Elna C. Green, Sanjose State University Steven Noll, University of Florida Raymond A. Mohl, University of Alabama, Birmingham Paul Ortiz, University of Florida Brian Rucker, Pensacola State College John David Smith, University of orth Carolina, Charlotte Melanie Shell-Weiss, Grand Valley University Brent Weisman, University of South Florida Irvin D.S. Winsboro, Florida Gulf Coast University The Florida Historical Quarterly (ISSN 0015-4113) is published quarterly by the Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Avenue, Cocoa, FL 32922 in cooperation with the Department of History, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Printed by The Sheridan Press, Hanover, PA. Periodicals postage paid at Cocoa, FL and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Ave., Cocoa, FL 32922. Subscription accompanies membership in the Society. Annual membership is $50; student membership (with proof of status) is $30; family membership in 75; library and institution membership is 75; a contributing membership is 200 and higher; and a corporate membership is 500 and higher. Correspondence relating to membership and subscriptions, as well as orders for back copies of the Quarterly, should be addressed to Dr. Ben D. Brotemarkle, Executive Director, Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Ave., Cocoa, FL 32922; (321) 690-1971; email: (Ben. [email protected].) Correspondence concerning contributions, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Dept. of History, C H 551, niv. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-1350; (407) 823-0261; fax: ( 407) 823-3184; email: ([email protected]) or ([email protected].) Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate. Guidelines for preparing manuscripts are available in the End otes and at (http:/ / history.cah.ucf.edu/ fhq/submissions. php.) The Quarterly is a member of the Conference of Historical Journals. The Florida Historical Society and the editor of the Florida Historical Quarterly disclaim responsibility for statements whether of fact or opinion made by contributors. THE FLORIDA Summer 2012 HIST 0 RIC AL QUARTERLY Vol. 91, No. 1 Alachua Settlers and the Second Seminole War by C.S. Monaco I A Liberated Journalist and Yankee Women on the Florida Frontier by John T. Foster, Jr., Sarah Whitmer Foster, and Roscoe A. Turnquest 33 The Politics of Performance: Rollins College and the Annie Russell Theatre by Joan M. Jensen 49 Controlling Venereal Disease in Orlando during World War II by Claire Strom 86 Book Reviews l18 End Notes 142 Cover Illustration: Annie Russell (1864-1936) in 1901. Image courtesy of Department of College Archives and Special Collections, Olin Library, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Copyright 2012 by the Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Fla. Book Reviews Tinker, The Migration of Peoples from the Caribbean to the Bahamas. by HowardJohnson ....................... 118 Schafer, William Bartram and the Ghost Plantations of British East F/,orida. by Sarah E. Miller . 120 Haynes, The Mississippi Territory and the Southwest Frontier, 1795-1817. by Angela Pulley Hudson ................... 123 Ellisor, The Second Creek War: Interethnic Conflict and Collusion on a Collapsing Frontier. by Thomas Chase Hagood . 125 Christianson, Freeing Charles: The Struggle to Free a Slave on the Eve of the Civil War. by Julie Winch ............................ 128 Brinkmeyer, Jr., The Fourth Ghost: White Southern Writers and European Fascism, 1930-1950. by Kathryn Lee Seidel . 130 Clark, Red Pepper and Gorgeous George: Claude Pepper's Epic Defeat in the 1950 Democratic Primary. by Seth A. Weitz ........................... 132 Rucker, Treasures of the Panhandle: A]ourney through West F/,orida. by Tim Hollis . 134 Ogden, Swamplife: Peoples, Gators, and Mangroves Entangled in the Everglades. by Jack E. Davis ........................... 136 Belleville, Salvagi,ng the Real F/,orida: Lost and Found in the State of Dreams. by Steven Noll ............................ 139 Alachua Settlers and the Second Seminole War by C. S. Monaco The forest must be subdued before the enemy can be finally conquered. Every inch of ground taken from him must be firmly held by permanent settlers who will cultivate the soil and make the wilderness their home. Under this system the savage would gradually retire before the approach of civilized man. R. K Call, "Governor's Message," January 11, 18391 he role of Florida's interior settlements and relatively modest settler population has never been assigned much historical T significance vis-a-vis the Second Seminole War ( 1835-1842). With few exceptions, the historiography has focused on the military aspects of this protracted conflict, with certain key battles, military commanders, Native American leaders, and the destruction of the east coast sugar plantations garnering the most interest.2 The C. S. Monaco is research associate in History at Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. He is the author of Moses Levy of Florida: Jewish Utopian and Antebellum Reformer (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005) for which he received the Presidential Award of Distinction from the Florida Historical Society. 1. R. K. Call, "Governor's Message," Floridian and Advocate (Tallahassee),January 12, 1839. 2. The foremost scholarly treatment remains John K. Mahon, History of the Second Semino/,e War, 1835-1836, rev. ed. (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1985). More recent studies, geared for general readers, include John and Mary Lou Missall, The Semino/,e Wars: America's Longest Conflict (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004);Joe Knetsch, FZorida'sSemino/,e Wars, 1817-1858 (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Press, 2003). For the role of African-Americans, see Kenneth W. Porter, The Black Semino/,es: History of a Freedom Seeking Peopk, eds. Alcione M. Amos and Thomas P. Senter (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996); Larry Eugene Rivers, Slavery in Florida: Territorial Days to Emancipation (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000), 148-49, 185, 191-94, 203-8. [l] 2 FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY ramifications of President Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act (1830) which celebrated the prospect of placing "a civilized _ population on large tracts of country now occupied by a few savage hunters"3 are well-known, along with the treaties of Moultrie Creek (1823), Payne's Landing (1832) and Fort Gibson (1833), accords that further set the conflict on a direct course. African-Americans­ free and enslaved-have also been acknowledged, albeit belatedly, as central players. In contrast, Anglo-American settlers have arguably been the least recognized faction, and indeed have generally been mentioned only in their ancillary (and often maligned) role as frontier militia. Yet the Second Seminole War, despite its longevity and cost, was not dissimilar to America's earliest settler clashes with indigenous peoples.4 To be sure, the problem of runaway slaves and possible insurrection was at issue, but the central motivation, as suggested by Andrew Jackson himself, was far broader in scope: complete settler domination and control of the land.5 Once this status was achieved, "supremacy over the red and black races," according to the settler point of view, would follow. 6 An enforced inequality and supremacy over indigenes was in fact the operative condition of settler societies throughout the world and, "American exceptionalism" notwithstanding, this state of affairs was much in 3. PresidentJackson's Message to Congress "On Indian Removal," December 6, 1830, Records of the United States Senate, 1789-1990, Record Group 46, National Archives, Washington, D.C. 4. The use of indigenous-while rare among Florida historians-has several advantages. This term can be applied transnationally and thus links the Native people of different countries as a First People. Indigenous has become the word of choice in the comparatively new field of settler colonialism, a body of scholarship that has strongly influenced this article. This term (along with its variant, indigene) readily identifies Native people as the original possessors of the land and is relatively free of negative connotations. "Indian," by contrast, carries significant cultural baggage, so to speak-much of it derogatory and/ or stereotyped. Nevertheless, I will intersperse more conventional wording throughout this essay whenever appropriate. For an example of scholarship that utilizes a similar framework in relation to Seminoles, see Susan A. Miller, Coacoochee's Bones: A Seminole Saga (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas,2003). 5. For the importance of placing the American experience into a settler framework, see Aziz Rana, The Two Faces of American Freedom (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010). See also, Lorenzo Veracini, Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). 6. George Gillett Keen, 'The Survival of the Fittest," January 12, 1900, in Cracker Times and Pioneer Lives: The Florida