fY)I\) -;; ooo 3tfJ INSECTICIDES Extension Bulletin 387-Revlsed 1980 AGAfCULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Contents General precautions for using pesticides . 4 Safety precautions and first aid . 4 Minnesota poison information centers . 5 Protecting honey bees from insecticides . 6 Pesticide toxicity and LD 50's . • . • . 6 Acute oral and dermal LD 50's for insecticides . 7 Forms of insecticides . 8 Calculating dosage and rates of application . 9 Sprayer calibration . 11 Description of insecticides, miticides ........................... 12 Chlorinated hydrocarbons ................................. 12 Carbamates .............................................. 13 Organophosphates ........................................ 14 Sulfonates, carbonates, botanicals, and miscellaneous groups ... 18 Legal Restrictions on Use of Pesticides The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and the Minnesota Pesticide Act of 1976, require that those who use or supervise the use of certain pesticides with restricted uses must be certified. The labels of those pesticides with restricted uses will contain information regarding these restrictions. Be sure to read all labels thoroughly and use any pesticide for the crops and pests listed on the label only. Information about applicator certification may be obtained from your County Extension Director or the Minnesota Depmt­ ment of Agriculture. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated the following pesticides for reshicted use: acrolein endrin mevinphos (Phosdrin) acrylonitrile ethyl parathion paraquat aldicarb (Temik) 1080 piclorarri (Tordon) allyl alcohol 1081 sodium cyanide alluminum phosphide (Phostoxin) hydrocyanic acid strychnine azinphos methyl (Guthion) methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) sulfotepp calcium cyanide methyl bromide tepp demeton (Systox) methyl parathion Authors of this publication are J. A. Lofgren, professor and extension entomologist; D. M. Noetzel, assistant professor and extension entomologist; P. K. Hareln, professor and extension entomologist; M. E. Ascerno, assistant professor and eXtension ento­ mologist; and L. K. Cutkomp, professor, Entomology, Fisheries and Wildlife. 2 The following pesticides have been proposed for reshicted use classification by EPA. After a peiiod of time for receiving comments EPA will issue a final order regarding the classification of these pesticides. Some of these products could have restricted use labeling in 1980. Pesticide Resticted uses or EPN Formulations greater than formulations 4%; granules 2% and greater. aldicarb (Temik) Agricultural uses of granules fenamiphos (Nemacur) Granules 10% and greater. 10% and greater (other uses fensulfothion (Dasanit) Granules and fertilizer com- previously restricted) binations 2% and greater. carbofuran (Furadan) Granules 2% and greater fenthion (Baytex) All formulations for aquatic, (except on pine and cotton- ornamentals and bird con- wood plantation and nur- trol uses. All liquids 70% sery plantings) and greater. carbon disulfide Grain fumigation, burrow fonofos (Dyfonate) Grariules 5% and greater. treatments for woodchuck, methamidophos (Monitor) Liquids 40% and greater; ground squirrel, prairie dusts 2.5% and greater. dog, and rats. methidathion (Supracide) All formulations except on chloropicrin Formulations greater than nursery stocks, saffiower, and 2%, all formulations for sunflower. rodent control. nicotine alkaloid Formulations 14% and great- cyclohexamide (Actidione) Formulations greater than er in greenhouses; all formu- 4%. lations on cranberries. disulfoton (Disyston) Granules 10% and greater; oxamyl (Vydate) Liquids 24% and greater. granules 2% and greater phorate (Thimet) Granules 5% and greater. except seed beds and trans- temephos (Abate) Aquatic uses; liquid formu- plant beds; granules 5% lations in orchards. and greater in combination terbufos (Counter) Granules 15% and greater. with ethoprop 10% and zinc phosphide All dry formulations 60% greater. and greater; all baits; all dicrotophos (Bidrin) Liquid formulations 8% dry formulations 10% and and greater. greater for domestic uses. ethoprop (Mocap) Granules and fertilizer formulations 3% and greater. In addition, EPA has announced a final order classifying the following pesticides for restricted use. Restricted use labeling will show up on these products in 1980. Pesticide Restricted uses and disulfoton (DiSyston) Concentrates 65% and formulations greater; emulsion concen­ trates 21% and greater in combination with fensulfoth­ carbofuran (Furadan) All concentrates, suspen­ ion 43% and greater; e.c. sions and wettable powders 32% and greater in combina­ 40% and greater. tion with 32% fensulfothion chlmfenvinphos (4072) All concentrates, solutions and greater. Solutions 95% or emulsions 21% and and greater for seed treat­ greater. ment. Granules 10% and clonitralid (Bayluscide) Wettable powders 70% and greater indoors (green­ greater; all molluscide uses. house). dioxathion (Delnav) Concentrates, solutions or ethoprop (Mocap) Emulsion concentrates 40% emulsions 30% and greater; and greater. domestic uses of solutions fenamiphos (Nemacur) Emulsion concentrates 35% 3% and greater. and greater. 3 fensulfothion (Dasanit) Emulsion concentrates and 6. Do not spill sprays or dusts on the ~kin or clothing. If solutions 63% and greater; they are spilled, remove contaminated clothing e.c. 43% and greater in immediately and wash thoroughly. combination with disulfoton 7. Wash hands and f~1ce and change to clean clothing 21% and greater; e. c. 32% after spraying or dusting. Also wash clothing each and greater in combination day before reuse. with disulfoton 32% or 8. Cover food and water containers when treating greater. around livestock or pet areas. Do not contaminate fonofos (Dyfonate) Emulsion concentrates 44% fish ponds. and greater. 9. Use separate equipment for applying hormone­ monocrotophos (Azodrin) Liquids 19% and greater. type herbicides in order to avoid accidental injury phorate (Thimet) Liquids 65% and greater. to susceptible plants. Granules on rice. phosacetin (Gophacide) 0.1% bait and greater. 10. Always dispose of empty containers so that they create no hazard to humans, animals, or valuable phosphamidon (Dimecron) Liquids 75% and greater; plants. Triple rinse dusts l. 5% and greater. and drain metal, glass or plastic containers before disposal. Lindane is a restricted-use material in Minnesota and can 11. Observe label directions and cautions to keep only be used by or under the supervision of a certified residues on edible portions of plants within the applicator. limits permitted by law. Insecticides continue to be an essential part of insect control programs. Effective, safe, and economic insect 12. If symptoms of illness occur during or shortly control depends on proper identification of the pest, a after spraying or dusting, call a physician or get knowledge of its habits and biology, and an intelligent the patient to a hospital immediately. selection of the best combination of practices available. It is extremely important to store and use all pesticides Safety Precautions and First Aid properly to avoid injury to: l. The person applying the chemicals; Precautions when using toxic phosphates 2. Children and others who may come into contact Use unlined natural rubber or neoprene gloves to with improperly stored chemicals or application prevent absorption through the skin. Remove and wash equipment; contaminated absorbent clothing. Wear long sleeves. Use 3. Treated crops or animals through overtreatment, protective clothing if directed to on the label. through selection of the wrong formulation, or Avoid breathing any wettable powder or dust or con­ because of illegal chemical residues; tacting an emulsion. Use a respirator equipped with 4. Adjacent crops and livestock because of drift; NIOSH-approved farm chemical cartridges. 5. Fish, wildlife, and other nontarget organisms in the Phosphate- and carbamate-poisoning symptoms treated area. and antidotes General Precautions for Using Pesticides Some organic phosphate and carbamate insecticides l. Always read the label before using sprays or dusts. (TEPP, parathion, methyl parathion, tetraethyl dithio­ Note warnings and cautions each time before open­ pyrophosphate, EPN, ethoprop, demeton, azinphos­ ing the container. methyl, mevinphos, phorate, terbufos, disulfoton, aldicarb, and carbofuran are hazardous to humans during 2. Keep spr!lys and dusts out of reach of children, pets, mixing operations and application. Contact with recently and irresponsible people. Sprays and dusts should treated plants or surfaces may also be hazardous. Follow be stored outside of the home, away from food and re-entry limitations listed on the label. feed, and under lock and key. Liquids should be All of these produce similar symptoms in human stored at temperatures above 40° F. beings. All require the same antidote. The symptoms may 3. Always store sprays and dusts in original containers be produced by absorption through the skin, inhalation, and keep them tightly closed. Never keep them in or swallowing. Signs of poisoning include blurred vision anything but the original container. (pinpoint pupils), abdominal cramps, tightness of the 4. Never smoke or eat while spraying or dusting. chest, digestive upset, sweating and excessive salivation, 5. Avoid inhaling sprays or dusts. When directed on restlessness, giddiness, headache, and twitching of the the label, wear protective clothing and masks. facial and eye muscles. If any of these symptoms occur: