Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics An Interactive Open Access Journal of the European Geosciences Union www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net Advisory Board Members Co-Editors Ronald Cohen University of California, Berkeley, USA Paul J. Crutzen (Chairman) Jonathan Abbatt [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Mainz, Germany [email protected] John N. Crowley [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Ilse Aben Mainz, Germany Meinrat O. Andreae SRON Netherlands Institute for Space [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands Mainz, Germany [email protected] Joachim Curtius [email protected] Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Markus Ammann Frankfurt am Main, Germany Guy P. Brasseur Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland [email protected] National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] Boulder, USA Daniel J. Cziczo [email protected] Yves Balkanski Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Laboratoire CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, Richland, USA Daniel McKenna Gif-sur-Yvette, France [email protected] National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] Boulder, USA Martin Dameris [email protected] Urs Baltensperger DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland [email protected] Stuart A. Penkett [email protected] University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Frank Dentener [email protected] Andreas Baumgaertner European Commission, Ispra, Italy Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] Veerabdhadran Ramanathan Mainz, Germany Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, La Jolla, USA [email protected] Neil M. Donahue [email protected] Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA Timothy Bertram [email protected] University of California, San Diego, USA Executive Editors [email protected] Bryan N. Duncan NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ulrich Pöschl (Chief-Executive Editor) Wolfram Birmili Greenbelt, USA Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, [email protected] Mainz, Germany Leipzig, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Timothy J. Dunkerton NorthWest Research Associates, Ken Carslaw Jan W. Bottenheim Redmond, USA University of Leeds, UK Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada [email protected] [email protected] Ralf Ebinghaus Institute for Coastal Research, Thomas Koop Jørgen Brandt Geesthacht, Germany Bielefeld University, Germany National Environmental Research Institute, [email protected] [email protected] Roskilde, Denmark [email protected] Andreas Engel Rolf Sander Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Stefan Buehler Mainz, Germany Lulea University of Technology, Kiruna, Barbara Ervens [email protected] Sweden University of Colorado, Boulder, USA [email protected] William Thomas Sturges [email protected] University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK James B. Burkholder Maria Cristina Facchini [email protected] NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, National Research Council (CNR), Boulder, USA Bologna, Italy [email protected] Graham Feingold Tim Butler NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Boulder, USA European Mainz, Germany [email protected] Geosciences Chak K. Chan Qiang Fu Hong Kong University of Science and University of Washington, Seattle, USA Union Technology, Hong Kong [email protected] [email protected] Stefano Galmarini Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy [email protected] Laurens Ganzeveld Maria Kanakidou Rob MacKenzie Wageningen University, Netherlands University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Lancaster University, UK [email protected] [email protected] Timothy Garrett University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA Thomas Karl Bernhard Mayer [email protected] National Center for Atmospheric Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Boulder, USA Munich, Germany Alan Geer [email protected] [email protected] European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK Veli-Matti Kerminen Gordon McFiggans [email protected] Finnish Meteorological Institute, University of Manchester, UK Helsinki, Finland [email protected] Evangelos Gerasopoulos [email protected] National Observatory of Athens, Greece Craig McNeil [email protected] Frank Keutsch University of Washington, Seattle, USA University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA [email protected] Christoph Gerbig [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, V. Faye McNeill Jena, Germany Astrid Kiendler-Scharr Columbia University, New York, USA Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected] Alex B. Guenther [email protected] National Center for Atmospheric Research, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos Boulder, USA Thomas Kirchstetter University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece [email protected] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, [email protected] Berkeley, USA Martin Gysel [email protected] Paul Monks Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland University of Leicester, UK [email protected] Silvia Kloster [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Robert Harley Hamburg, Germany Jennifer G. Murphy University of California, Berkeley, USA University of Toronto, Canada [email protected] Daniel Knopf [email protected] Stony Brook University, USA Neil Harris [email protected] Ottmar Möhler University of Cambridge, UK Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, [email protected] Monika Kopacz Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany NOAA Climate Program Office, [email protected] Peter Haynes Silver Spring, USA University of Cambridge, UK [email protected] Athanasios Nenes [email protected] Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Radovan Krejci [email protected] Martin Heimann Stockholm University, Sweden Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, [email protected] Markus Petters Jena, Germany North Carolina State University, [email protected] Martina Krämer Raleigh, USA Research Center Jülich, Germany [email protected] Ellie Highwood [email protected] University of Reading, UK Andreas Petzold Markku Kulmala DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Andreas Hofzumahaus University of Helsinki, Finland [email protected] Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Andre S. H. Prevot Bernd Kärcher Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Rupert Holzinger DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany [email protected] Institute for Marine and Atmospheric [email protected] Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands Alexander Pszenny [email protected] Ari Laaksonen University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA University of Kuopio, Finland [email protected] Corinna Hoose [email protected] Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Johannes Quaas [email protected] William Lahoz Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Hamburg, Germany Kaarle Hämeri Kjeller, Norway [email protected] University of Helsinki, Finland [email protected] [email protected] Xavier Querol Kari Lehtinen Institute of Environmental Assessment and Jose-Luis Jimenez Finnish Meteorological Institute and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain University of Colorado, Boulder, USA University of Kuopio, Finland [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Patricia Quinn Patrick Jöckel Franz-Josef Lübken NOAA, Seattle, USA DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, [email protected] [email protected] Kühlungsborn, Germany [email protected] Claire Reeves Jan Kaiser University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK [email protected] Andreas Richter Andreas Stohl University of Bremen, Germany Norwegian Institute for Air Research, [email protected] Kjeller, Norway [email protected] Nicole Riemer University of Illinois at Joel Thornton Urbana-Champaign, USA University of Washington, Seattle, USA Editorial Support [email protected] [email protected] Natascha Töpfer Ilona Riipinen Holger Tost University of Helsinki, Finland Johannes Gutenberg University, Phone: +49-551-900339-40 Mainz, Germany Janne Rinne [email protected] [email protected] University of Helsinki, Finland [email protected] Ivonne Trebs Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Greg Roberts Mainz, Germany Publication Production Scripps Institution of Oceanography, [email protected] La Jolla, USA Nadine Deisel [email protected] Michel Van Roozendael Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Phone: +49-551-900339-50 Yinon Rudich Brussels, Belgium Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Geraint Vaughan Lynn M. Russell University of Manchester, UK UCSD, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, [email protected] La Jolla, USA Robert Vautard Thomas Röckmann LSCE/IPSL, Laboratoire CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Gif sur Yvette, France [email protected] [email protected] Harald Saathoff Elisabetta Vignati Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Joint Research Centre – European Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Commission, Ispra, Italy [email protected] Bernhard Vogel Michael Schulz Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany l’Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette