UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title La magia postergada: género fantástico e identidad nacional en la España del XIX Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2354w8nk Author Payán Martín, Juan Jesús Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles La magia postergada: género fantástico e identidad nacional en la España del XIX A dissertation submitted in total satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures by Juan Jesús Payán Martín 2015 © Copyright by Juan Jesús Payán Martín 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION La magia postergada: género fantástico e identidad nacional en la España del XIX by Juan Jesús Payán Martín Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Jesús Torrecilla, Chair Critics have systematically overlooked contributions to the realms of fantasy and imagination by Spanish artists and writers. When studying the fantastic, even the most attentive studies have been biased by predetermined expectations. While theoreticians such as Tzvetan Todorov apply a universal definition of the genre to all western literary traditions, disregarding the variety among national settings and eliding the complexity of historical contexts, prominent critics such as David Roas or Baquero Goyanes have approached the Spanish fantastic as a mere reflection of foreign models. This perspective limits the Peninsular fantastic to a position of invisibility or dependence. Contrarily, I propose to return to the complexity and diversity of historical interpretations and to contextualize the existence of alternative practices of the genre, !ii which is characterized by the filtering of hegemonic interpretations through their notion of national identity and literary tradition. In the introduction, I integrate the critical reaction towards the fantastic from the perspective of Spanish authors within the frame of their historical period. I systematize the English and French pathways that determined the reception of the works by Hoffmann and also trace the persistent agenda to nationalize the fantastic in the first stage of the genre between 1822 and 1860. The project of nationalization is afterwards documented through three different manifestations frequently neglected. In chapter one, I study the crucial contribution of José María Blanco White, whose reflections upon the genre even predate the first official theoretical formulation of the fantastic mode by Walter Scott. In addition, I claim that Blanco’s proposal to recover the Arabic tradition had a direct impact on subsequent authors in Spain (Jorge Montgomery, Serafín Estébanez Calderón) and abroad (Washington Irving). In chapter two, I explore the centrality of the fantastic, as defined by Walter Scott and Enrique Gil, in the development of Antonio Ros de Olano’s short non-mimetic fiction and his later reutilization of the Spanish Baroque, Cervantes and Quevedo, in the creation of his “bizarre tales” or “cuentos estrambóticos.” In chapter three, I analyze how Pedro Antonio de Alarcón offers a different strategy of nationalization of the fantastic by re-appropriating the picaresque tradition within the realm of the natural world and by linking his tale to Christian eschatology within the sphere of the supernatural. Finally, in the conclusion I reflect upon the implications and further applicability of my research, specifically from the perspective of the comparative analysis of peripheral literatures and the future of Iberian Studies. !iii The Dissertation of Juan Jesús Payán Martín is approved Barbara Fuchs Efraín Kristal Charlene Villaseñor-Black Jesús Torrecilla, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2015 !iv To Robin, for coming into my life night-blue, wine-red, at the time when LA had lost its limelights; for being the place called home when all homes vanished; for saving Sisyphus, at loss and at defeat. And last but foremost, for being the very words, the very world I could not comprehend if you weren’t by my side. !v Table of contents Introducción. La magia postergada ………………………………………………………. 1 Capítulo 1. Volver a al-Ándalus: el legado de Blanco White ……………………………. 54 Capítulo 2. Hacia y contra el fantástico: la evolución visionaria de Antonio Ros de Olano ……………………………. 102 Capítulo 3: El mundo es sueño: picaresca literaria y cosmovisión religiosa en Pedro Antonio de Alarcón ………………………… 145 Conclusiones ……………………………………………………………………………….. 190 Apéndice ……………………………………………………………………………………. 208 Referencias bibliográficas ………………………………………………………………….. 212 !vi CURRICULUM VITAE EDUCATION A.B.D. in Spanish, 2013. University of California, Los Angeles Advisor: Dr. Jesús Torrecilla Ph.D. in Spanish Literature. University of Cádiz, Spain, 2007 Dissertation: “Wáshington Delgado: un poeta peruano de la Generación del 50” [“Washington Delgado: Peruvian poet of the Generation of ’50”] Advisor: Dr. Concepción Reverte Bernal M.A. in Didactics and Pedagogy: Spanish Literature and Linguistics. Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, 2006 M.A. in Spanish Literature. University of Cádiz, 2004 B.A. in Music. Musical Conservatoire “Manuel de Falla”of Cádiz, 2003 B.A. in Spanish Literature and Linguistics. University of Cádiz, 2001 MAIN PUBLICATIONS BOOKS: El mundo dividido de Wáshington Delgado (1950-1970). Leipzig: Editorial Académica Española, 2012 Vida y obra del músico gaditano Antonio Escobar Perera. Cádiz: Ayuntamiento de Cádiz, 2006 Entre las dos orillas. Lírica Hispánica en RevistAtlántica de Poesía. Cádiz: Diputación de Cádiz, 2005 REVIEWS, ARTICLES AND BOOK CHAPTERS: “El bolero y otros símbolos estructurantes en “Si tú me dices ven” de Antonio Muñoz Molina”. Visiones de lo fantástico en la cultura española (1970-2012). Vol. II. Benalmádena, Málaga: E.d.a. Libros, 2014. 143-161 “Ros, su “escribano” y el viraje a lo estrambótico”. Perspectivas del Humor: estudios del humor Luso-Hispánico. Coord. Louis Imperiale and Thaís Leão Vieira. Sao Paulo: Verona, 2014. 82-90 “Picaresca literaria: estrategias alarconianas de reapropiación en ‘El Amigo de la Muerte.’ Hispanic Review 82.3 (Summer 2014): 307-329 “La heteronimia como ‘gestus’ brechtiano en Los poemas de Sydney West.” Transnationality in the Luso-Hispanic World. Proceedings of the VII Graduate Student Conference 2010. Los Angeles: UCLA, 2012. 81-90 “Cortínez, Verónica y Manfred Engelbert. La tristeza de los tigres y los misterios de Raúl Ruiz. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2011. 357 pp.” Mester XLI (2012): 137-141 !vii “La identidad problemática del exiliado en ‘Morir en Isla Vista’ de Víctor Fuentes.” Aurora Boreal 9 (2011): 59 “Formulación del conflicto existencial en Formas de la Ausencia de Wáshington Delgado.” Lindaraja 33 (septiembre 2011): 1-21 “Juan Gelman y el fantasma de Sydney West.” Ateneo. Revista Cultural del Ateneo de Cádiz 10 (2010): 98-102 “Viaje por la poesía de Wáshington Delgado.” Mattalia, Sonia, Pilar Celma and Pilar Alonso, eds. El viaje en la literatura hispanoamericana: el espíritu colombino. VII Congreso Internacional de la AEELH. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert Verlag, 2008. 589-98 “Las 1001 búsquedas de Jorge Eduardo Eielson.” Ateneo. Revista Cultural del Ateneo de Cádiz 6 (2006): 144-51 “Percepción sensorial/realidad en ‘Un modo de mostrar el mundo’ de Antonio Cillóniz.” Actas del V Congreso de la AEELH. La Literatura con los cinco sentidos. La Coruña: U of La Coruña, 2005. 515-24 “Aproximación a ‘Salvo el Crepúsculo’ de Julio Cortázar.” Caleta. Literatura y Pensamiento 11 (2004): 69-76 TEACHING EXPERIENCE Teaching Fellow/Associate. University of California, Los Angeles, 2011-2015 Visiting Lecturer. University of California, Los Angeles, 2008-2011 Teacher. Argantonio High School, Cádiz, 2007 Teaching Fellow. University of Cádiz, 2004-2006 AWARDS, FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS 2014-2015 Dissertation Year Fellowship, UCLA. Graduate Division 2012, 2013 Summer Research Mentorship, UCLA, Graduate Division 2012-2013 Graduate Research Mentorship, UCLA Graduate Division 2010 Doctoral Award, Best Dissertation in the Humanities. University of Cádiz 2005 Research Fellow. Universitá degli Studi di Siena, Italy. Winter quarter. Advisor: Dr. Antonio Melis 2002-2006 Doctoral Fellowship. Spanish Ministry of Education 2002 Research Fellow. Universidad Pontificia Católica del Perú. Fall quarter Advisor: Dr. Ricardo González-Vigil 2001 Fellowship for Academic Achievement, Spanish Ministry of Education !viii Introducción La magia postergada Tras un largo tiempo de ostracismo en el panorama crítico, los estudios sobre la literatura fantástica española viven en la actualidad uno de sus mejores momentos, particularmente en España, con abundantes publicaciones, antologías, congresos anuales y revistas literarias dedicadas por entero a dicha materia. Muy lejos queda en la memoria el prejuicio realista de Ramón Menéndez Pidal, quien en las páginas de hace casi un siglo considerara “la escasez de lo maravilloso” como un “hecho indisputable a pesar del empeño de algunos críticos en desmentirlo” (“Algunos caracteres” 226).1 Tras la profunda reconsideración elaborada en las últimas décadas, difícilmente hoy día podrían suscribirse tales juicios.2 Conviene recordar, en todo caso, que esta revalorización sin paliativos de la ficción fantástica constituye un fenómeno reciente, intensificado en los últimos años. Dentro de los estudios sobre este género en el