International Union of Forest Research Organizations Union Internationale des Instituts de Recherches Forestières Internationaler Verband Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten Unión Internacional de Organizaciones de Investigación Forestal IUFRO World Series Vol. 24 Asia and the Pacific Forest Health Workshop Forest Health in a Changing World Editor Sim HeokChoh Extended abstracts From the workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1–3 December 2008 Jointly organized by International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Asia Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions (APAFRI) ISSN 1016-3263 ISBN 978-3-901347-84-9 IUFRO, Vienna 2009 Recommended catalogue entry: Asia and the Pacific Forest Health Workshop: Forest Health in a Changing World. Extended abstracts from the workshop held in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 1–3 December 2008. Jointly organized by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO), Asia Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN), Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO), Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) and the Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions (APAFRI). Sim HeokChoh (Editor). Vienna. IUFRO. 2009–133 p.– (IUFRO World Series Vol. 24). ISSN 1016-3263 ISBN 978-3-901347-84-9 Cover photos (from left to right): 1. Corythucha ciliate adults, sucking on Platanus occidentalis leaf – Choi KwangSik, Korea Forest Research Institute 2. A burned Taiwan red pine (Pinus taiwanensis) forest in 2002 showing seriously damaged trees – Lin ChauChin; Taiwan Forest Research Institute 3. Lycorma delicatula 4th instar larvae, sucking on Ailanthus altissima – Choi KwangSik, Korea Forest Research Institute Published by: IUFRO Headquarters, Vienna, Austria, 2009 © 2009 Sim HeokChoh and IUFRO Available from: IUFRO Headquarters Secretariat c/o Mariabrunn (BFW) Hauptstrasse 7 1140 Vienna Austria Tel.: +43-1-8770151-0 Fax: +43-1-8770151-50 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.iufro.org Price: EUR 20.- plus mailing costs Printed by: Ferdinand Berger & Söhne GmbH, Wiener Straße 80, 3580 Horn, Austria CONTENTS Introduction and Workshop Report 1 Extended Abstracts Asia Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN) activities 4 and initiatives during 2007–2008 K.V. Sankaran FAO’s Response to Global Forest Health Issues 8 Gillian Allard Overview of CABI activities and programmes related to invasive 11 species and plant health Soetikno S. Sastroutomo, Lum KengYeang and Loke WaiHong Invasive alien species – a threat to forest biodiversity: Actions 14 under the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Junko Shimura An overview of forest health activities in IUFRO 17 Lee SuSee Preventing and containing the global spread of invaders – an 20 overview of TNC Invasive Species Programme Duan Hui International collaboration of forest health management in China 24 Chen Junqi Plant health services of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community – 27 an overview Sada N. Lal Village common forests of Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh: A 30 harbour of forest health and vitality in the degraded landscape Khaled Misbahuzzaman Dwarf Mistletoe: An invasive parasite on blue pine trees in western 33 Bhutan Dhan B. Dhital Forest health practices in China 37 Fan Xibin and Li Xiuying Fiji's forest health, invasive and quarantine – current strategies and 40 future directions Sanjana Lal i Forest health management in India: Present scenario and future 45 challenges C. Mohanan Invasive history of exotic forest insect pests in Korea 49 Choi KwangSik, Choi WonIl and Shin SangChul Health problems of some exotic forest trees and agricultural crops 53 in Myanmar Wai Wai Than Protecting forest health in New Zealand 58 PM Stevens Building a network-based information system for forest health 61 management: Taiwan experience Lin ChauChin, Lu ShengShan and Jeng MeeiRu An overview of current status of forest invasive species in Timor- 64 Leste Pascoal Barros do Carmo New record of longhorned beetles damaging forest plantations in 66 Vietnam Pham Quan Thu Removing noxious Eupatorium adenophorum for beehive briquette 69 production improves forest health in community forest in Nepal Maneesha Rajbhandari and Vivek Dhar Sharma Environmental conditions and gall rust disease development on 73 Falcataria moluccana in the South East Asia Sri Rahayu and Lee SuSee Understorey bird species as indicators of forest ecosystem health 76 Mohamed Zakaria Hussin Cooperative surveillance and management of invasive alien species 82 in the Philippines Bonifacio F. Cayabyab, Wilma R. Cuaterno, Pablito G. Gonzales and Melvin D. Ebuenga Fungi associated with teak mortality in Central India 86 RK Verma and K.K. Soni Patterning population dynamics of pine needle gall midge, 89 Thecodiplosis japonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), by using self- organizing map Choi WonIl, Choi KwangSik, Chung YeongJin, Shin SangChul and Park YoungSeuk ii Tropical American invasive weeds in Shiwalik Range of North- 92 Western Himalayas of India: An assessment of status and impact Daizy R. Batish, Ravinder Kumar Kohli and Kuldeep Singh Dogra Managing Lantana camara and restoring native biological diversity 95 in the Western Ghats, India Ramesh Kannan, Gladwin Joseph and Uma Shaanker Infestation status of the invasive Erythrina gall wasp Quadrastichus 98 erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on the coral tree Erythrina variegata in Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia Arthur Y.C. Chung Stabilization of climate change in the Himalayas 101 Cheppudira Poonacha Muthanna Maintenance of teak forest health with reference to various biotic 103 and abiotic components in Central India P. B. Meshram and K. K. Soni Thoughts on forest management under global climate change 106 Zhang Shengdong Atmospheric disturbances due to heavy emission from the sponge 108 iron factories at Raigarh, Chhatisgarh, India and its impact on vegetation and environment Rupnarayan Sett Peatland fire in Indonesia as threat to forest ecosystem and its 111 control effort Ari Wibowo and R. Garsetiasih Ecological impact of invasive weed Ageratum conyzoides on the 115 structure and composition of the native communities in Northwestern Himalayas and insight into the mechanism of invasion Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Ravinder Kumar Kohli and Kuldeep Singh Dogra Development of health assessment method in protection and 118 plantation forests Kasno, Noor Farikhah Haneda, Lailan Syaufina & Erianto Indra Putra Economic considerations towards forest health: Intervention 121 through microfinance and joint forest management Bramh Prakash Pethiya Forest health and forest disturbance: A case for serious 123 consideration in the management of tropical Mt. Makiling Portia Gamboa-Lapitan iii Appendix I. Acknowledgements 126 Appendix II. Workshop Programme 127 Appendix III. Workshop Participants 130 iv Introduction and Workshop Report Introduction Increased trade and international travel have resulted in significantly increased risks to forest health by the introduction of alien species including pests and diseases, intentionally and non- intentionally. Similarly, growing trends in urban greening and landscape beautification often include imports of exotic plants. This has contributed to rapid increase in the international movement of plant materials including young seedlings. Many previously unreported or unknown pests and diseases, brought in by these movements of planting materials, have surfaced in these countries; further aggravating the threat that has already multiplied by increased trade including, especially, of wood and non-wood forest products. The Asian long-horned beetle, which attacks hardwood trees, for example, is indigenous to China and Korea; but was introduced on wooden packaging material to the United States most probably in the 1980s. This pest is a serious threat to the multi-million dollar hardwood industry in North America. Similarly, Eucalyptus rust, mahogany shoot borer and leaf blight in many of the Asian countries were probably introduced to Asia via exotic planting materials for forest plantations. Other species that have been introduced deliberately have later emerged as serious invasive pests. For example, fishes and frogs introduced for human consumption have out-populated local species, weeds for erosion control have invaded agricultural lands, and even species brought in for biological control have spread out of control. Alongside these issues, there has emerged a growing awareness of the importance of healthy forests in providing various environmental services. Policies and strategies to strengthen the capability and sustain the capacity of the forests in providing these services are increasingly being debated as important parts of forest management in many countries, and also at many international and regional fora. All of these concerns are captured in the scope of forest health which encompasses factors such as the forest’s age, structure, composition, functions, vigour, and presence of unusual levels of insects or disease, as well as resilience to disturbances. The perception and interpretation of forest health are influenced by individual and cultural viewpoints, land management objectives, spatial and temporal scales, the relative health of the stands that comprise the forest, and the appearance of the forest