The Proceedings of the 10th Annual HISTORY OF MEDICINE DAYS FACULTY OF MEDICINE THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY АΝΙΣΤΑΤΕ TA APXAIA INA ΣΠEY∆ΗTE TA KAINA March 23rd and 24th, 2001 Health Sciences Centre Calgary, AB Edited By Dr. W. A. Whitelaw Contents Participating Students and their Universities ........................................................................... iv Preceptors and their Universities ...............................................................................................vi Preface and Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... viii Presentations: Ancient Egyptian Obstetrics & Gynecology...........................Gregg S. Nelson......................1 Pharmacologocal Practices of Ancient Egypt .........................Michael D. Parkins..................5 Sleep Apnea in the Ramayana.................................................Mala Hoghari ........................12 Jesus Christ, the Exemplar of Patient Centred Medicine ........Victoria Vogt ........................16 Emperor Marcus Aurelius and the History of Opium Addiction....................................................Scott Ainslie..........................21 Paul of Aegina and Tracheostomy ..........................................Demitre Serletis ....................26 Lithotomy and Lithotripsy Through the Ages.........................Matei Andreoiu .....................30 The Evolution of Nasal Reconstruction: The origins of Plastic Surgery.................................................Vickram Chahal ....................41 The Monstrous Birth: The Theory of Maternal Impression and Congenital Malformations .............................Anna M. Mayer.....................49 Avicenna..................................................................................Farnaz Ammozegar...............55 Ibn Tufayl's Treatise on Asthma, Lost and Found ..................Yasmin Nasser ......................59 The School at Salerno: Origin of the European Medical University..................................................................Amber Stelmaschuk..............68 Reform Without Change .........................................................Matthew Lilly........................75 Anatomy during the Italian Renaissance: A Brief History of How Artists Influenced its Development............................Rory Sellmer .........................84 Shifting Bones .........................................................................Bruce Cload ..........................88 Proceedings of the 10th Annual History of Medicine Days ~ i ~ WA Whitelaw - March 2001 A Biography of the Doctors Mayo..........................................Wei-Shuen Tan .....................93 Sir James Mackenzie (1853-1925): A Physcian of True Heart................................................................................Teresa Killam........................98 Mildren Vera Peters: A Pioneering Canadian Radiotherapist..........................................................................Aditya Bharatha..................103 Dr. Mary Percy Jackson: Practicing Medicine on The Frontier.............................................................................Kendra Lamb ......................111 Amputations, Anesthetics, and Arguments: Medicine in the American Civil War ......................................Jennifer Carter.....................116 Developments Made in Anesthesia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome during Times of War ................................Brian Sullivan .....................121 Smallpox in the Americas: From Imperial Conquest to German Warfare..................................................................Rondeep Singh....................126 Fatal Summer Diarrhea at the Melbourne Hospital for Sick Children: 1900 - 1940................................................Joelle Bradley......................135 Jake Leg Blues: A Modern Epidemic Mirrored in Song.........Naomi Ellis .........................148 Dr. Denis Burkitt: An 'Eye' for Travel and Medicine .............Jillian Sussman....................153 The Trans-Africa Highway as the Origin of HIV and the Epicenter of an AIDS Epidemic .................................T. Lee-Ann Heitman ...........157 Monkeying Around.................................................................Aref Yeung..........................164 The History of PMS as a Reflection of Changing Historical Concepts of health, Illness and Disease .................Raffaela Profiti....................171 Homosexuality and the DSM: Doctoring the .........................Albina Veltman & Socially Marginalized.............................................................. Nadiya Sunderji..................177 The Devil's Grin: Revealing our Relationship with the Imperfect Body Through the Art of Joel-Peter Witkin ...........Jonah Samson......................185 Placebo Surgery ...................................................................... Colin Schieman ..................195 Evidence-Based Medicine in Experimental Neurosurgery .....Bijal Mehta..........................201 Proceedings of the 10th Annual History of Medicine Days ~ ii ~ WA Whitelaw - March 2001 Progress in Canadian Neuroscience at the Montreal Neurological Inistitue.............................................................. Erin O'Ferrall......................205 The History of One of the Most Significant Medical Discoveries of the 20th Century: The Ability of Humans to Survive in Outer Space........................................................Nishi Rawat.........................210 The Sixth Sense in Space Medicine ........................................Deborah H. Sung.................215 North American Herbology: Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants...................................................................... Lana Stromberg.................234 The Royal Touch..................................................................... Bao Dang............................229 Ayurvedic Medicine: A Cae Study of Change........................Gurjeet Kaleka ....................235 The Traditional Helaer: West African and Beyond.................Joshua Greggain..................239 "Above All, They Have Harmed: Violating the Oath Through Involvement with Torture........................................Sameena Uddin ...................245 Soviet Psychiatry in the Cold War Era: Uses and Abuses ......Nathan Kolla .......................255 The History of the Anti-Vivisection Movement .....................Vicky Houtzager .................260 Ethical Dilemmas with the Use of Nazi Medical....................Batya Grundland Research ................................................................................. & Eve Pinchefsky...............267 Why Define Death? ................................................................. Mohammed Shamji ............276 Towards Perfection: The Involvement of American Physicians in Eugenics ............................................................ Varshar Thakur...................285 Was There a Eugenic Movmement in Saskatchewan?............Rosemary Courtney ............290 A Woman's View of "Women's Diseases"..............................Tuhina Biswas.....................294 Man-Midwives: Oxymoron or First Obstetricians? ................Genvieve Eastabrook ..........300 Carl Koller and the Discovery of the First Local Anesthetic: Cocaine................................................................. Sarah Morrow.....................305 Mesmer: Quack or a Prophet before his Time?.......................Krista Simon .......................309 Lennec and the Invention of the Stethoscope..........................Maryanne Rockx.................315 Proceedings of the 10th Annual History of Medicine Days ~ iii ~ WA Whitelaw - March 2001 A Country Doctor's Contribution ............................................Kris Stewart ........................320 History of Silicone Breast Implants: Science and Society......Yvonne Ying.......................325 Proceedings of the 10th Annual History of Medicine Days ~ iv ~ WA Whitelaw - March 2001 Participating Students & Their Academic Affiliation Gregg S. Nelson..............................................................................................University of Calgary Michael D. Parkins..........................................................................................University of Calgary Sheela Vijay....................................................................................................University of Calgary Mala Goghari ..................................................................................................University of Calgary Victoria Vogt ........................................................................................University of Saskatchewan Scott Ainslie....................................................................................................University of Calgary Demitre Serletis ..............................................................................................University of Calgary Matei Andreoiu .................................................................................University of Western Ontario Vickram Chahal ................................................................................University of Western Ontario Anna M. Mayer.................................................................................University of Western Ontario Farnaz Amoozegar..........................................................................................University