National Energy and Climate Plan

Courtesy Translation in English Provided by the Translation Services of the European Commission NATIONAL ENERGY AND CLIMATE PLAN ATHENS, JANUARY 2019 Contents <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#6_0">Chapter 1 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#6_0">PLAN OVERVIEW AND DRAFTING PROCEDURE..................................................................... 6 </a></li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#6_1">Executive summary...................................................................................................................... 6 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#6_1">1.1 </a></li></ul><a href="#6_2">1.1.1 Political,</a><a href="#6_2"> </a><a href="#6_2">economic, environmental and social context of the plan ...................................... 6 </a><a href="#6_3">1.1.2 Overall</a><a href="#6_3"> </a><a href="#6_3">strategy in relation to the five dimensions of the Energy Union.............................. 6 </a><a href="#10_0">1.1.3 Summary</a><a href="#10_0"> </a><a href="#10_0">table laying down the key objectives, policies and measures of the plan.......... 10 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#15_0">1.2 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#15_0">Review of the current state of affairs in terms of policy........................................................... 15 </a></li></ul><a href="#15_1">1.2.1 National</a><a href="#15_1"> </a><a href="#15_1">and Union energy system and policy framework of the national plan ................ 15 </a><a href="#15_2">1.2.2 Existing</a><a href="#15_2"> </a><a href="#15_2">energy and climate policies and measures in respect of the five dimensions </a><a href="#15_2">of the Energy Union............................................................................................................. 15 </a><a href="#0_0">1.2.3 Energy</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">design challenges in five dimensions ...................................................................... 83 </a><a href="#0_1">1.2.4 Key</a><a href="#0_1"> </a><a href="#0_1">issues of cross-border interest ..................................................................................... 91 </a><a href="#0_2">1.2.5 Administrative</a><a href="#0_2"> </a><a href="#0_2">structure for the implementation of national energy and climate </a><a href="#0_2">policies................................................................................................................................. 91 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">1.3 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Consultation and involvement of national bodies and actors in the EU and outcome</a><a href="#0_0">s</a><a href="#0_0">.</a><a href="#0_0">.......... 94 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_3">1.3.1 Participation</a><a href="#0_3"> </a><a href="#0_3">of the national parliamen</a><a href="#0_3">t</a><a href="#0_3">.</a><a href="#0_3">............................................................................ 94 </a><a href="#0_4">1.3.2 Involving</a><a href="#0_4"> </a><a href="#0_4">local and regional authorities .............................................................................. 94 </a><a href="#0_5">1.3.3 Consultation</a><a href="#0_5"> </a><a href="#0_5">of stakeholders, including social partners, and involvement of civil </a><a href="#0_5">society and the general public ............................................................................................ 94 </a><a href="#0_0">1.3.4 Consultation</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">with other Member States............................................................................. 96 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_6">1.4 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_6">Regional cooperation in drawing up the project....................................................................... 96 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_0">NATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS ...................................................................... 99 </a> <a href="#0_7">Decarbonisation dimension..................................................................................................... 102 </a><a href="#0_8">Energy efficiency dimension.................................................................................................... 108 </a><a href="#0_9">Energy security dimension ...................................................................................................... 110 </a><a href="#0_0">Dimension of the internal energy market ............................................................................... 113 </a><a href="#0_0">Research, innovation and competitiveness dimension........................................................... 117 </a> <a href="#0_0">Chapter 2 </a> <a href="#0_7">2.1 </a><a href="#0_8">2.2 </a><a href="#0_9">2.3 </a><a href="#0_0">2.4 </a><a href="#0_0">2.5 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Chapter 3 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">POLICIES and MEASURES................................................................................................... 121 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_10">3.1. Decarbonisation</a><a href="#0_10"> </a><a href="#0_10">dimension..................................................................................................... 121 </a> <a href="#0_11">3.1.1 Greenhouse</a><a href="#0_11"> </a><a href="#0_11">gas emissions and removals ......................................................................... 121 </a><a href="#0_0">3.1.2 Renewable</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">energ</a><a href="#0_0">y</a><a href="#0_0">.</a><a href="#0_0">............................................................................................................ 128 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">3.2 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Energy efficiency dimension.................................................................................................... 146 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_12">3.2.2 Long-term</a><a href="#0_12"> </a><a href="#0_12">strategy to renovate the national stock of residential and non-residential </a><a href="#0_12">buildings, both public and private..................................................................................... 147 </a><a href="#0_13">3.2.3 Policies</a><a href="#0_13"> </a><a href="#0_13">and measures to promote energy services in the public sector .......................... 148 </a><a href="#0_14">3.2.4 Other</a><a href="#0_14"> </a><a href="#0_14">planned policies, measures and programmes to achieve the indicative </a><a href="#0_14">national energy efficiency target for 2030........................................................................ 149 </a><a href="#0_15">3.2.5 Policies</a><a href="#0_15"> </a><a href="#0_15">and measures to promote the role of local energy communities........................ 151 </a><a href="#0_16">3.2.6 Measures</a><a href="#0_16"> </a><a href="#0_16">to exploit the energy efficiency potential of gas and electricity </a><a href="#0_16">infrastructure..................................................................................................................... 151 </a><a href="#0_0">3.2.7 Regional</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">cooperation in this area, where appropriate ..................................................... 152 </a><a href="#0_17">3.2.8 Financing</a><a href="#0_17"> </a><a href="#0_17">measures including support and use of EU funds in this area at national </a><a href="#0_17">level ................................................................................................................................... 152 </a><a href="#0_18">3.2.9 Summary</a><a href="#0_18"> </a><a href="#0_18">of policy measures ............................................................................................ 153 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">3.3 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Energy security dimension ...................................................................................................... 162 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_19">3.3.1 Policies</a><a href="#0_19"> </a><a href="#0_19">and measures to achieve the relevant objectives................................................ 162 </a><a href="#0_0">3.3.2 Regional</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">cooperation in this area...................................................................................... 166 </a><a href="#0_20">3.3.3 Financing</a><a href="#0_20"> </a><a href="#0_20">of measures in this area at national level, including with EU support and </a><a href="#0_20">the use of EU funds ........................................................................................................... 166 </a><a href="#0_21">3.3.4 Summary</a><a href="#0_21"> </a><a href="#0_21">of policy measures ............................................................................................ 166 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">3.4 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Internal energy market dimensio</a><a href="#0_0">n</a><a href="#0_0">.</a><a href="#0_0">......................................................................................... 171 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_22">3.4.1 Electricity</a><a href="#0_22"> </a><a href="#0_22">infrastructure.................................................................................................... 171 </a><a href="#0_23">3.4.2 Energy</a><a href="#0_23"> </a><a href="#0_23">transmission infrastructures ................................................................................. 172 </a><a href="#0_24">3.4.3 Market</a><a href="#0_24"> </a><a href="#0_24">consolidation ........................................................................................................ 174 </a><a href="#0_25">3.4.4 Energy</a><a href="#0_25"> </a><a href="#0_25">poverty .................................................................................................................. 176 </a><a href="#0_0">3.4.5 Summary</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">of policy measures ............................................................................................ 177 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">3.5 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Research, innovation and competitiveness dimension........................................................... 183 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_0">3.5.1 Policies</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">and measures to achieve the relevant objectives................................................ 184 </a><a href="#0_26">3.5.2 Cooperation</a><a href="#0_26"> </a><a href="#0_26">with other Member States in this area ........................................................ 187 </a><a href="#0_0">3.5.3 Financing</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">of measures in this area at national level, inter alia with EU support and </a><a href="#0_0">the use of EU funds ........................................................................................................... 188 </a><a href="#0_27">3.5.4 Summary</a><a href="#0_27"> </a><a href="#0_27">of policy measures ............................................................................................ 188 </a> <a href="#0_0">CHAPTER 4</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">EXISTING SITUATION AND PROVISIONS BASED ON EXISTING POLICIES AND EXISTING </a> <a href="#0_0">MEASURES......................................................................................................................... 191 </a><a href="#0_28">4.1 </a><a href="#0_29">4.2 </a> <a href="#0_28">Devising a scenario of existing policies and measure</a><a href="#0_28">s</a><a href="#0_28">.</a><a href="#0_28">........................................................... 191 </a><a href="#0_29">Estimated development of the main external factors affecting the energy system and </a><a href="#0_29">the greenhouse gas emissions................................................................................................. 192 </a><a href="#0_30">4.2.1 Greenhouse</a><a href="#0_30"> </a><a href="#0_30">Gas Emissions and Removal</a><a href="#0_30">s</a><a href="#0_30">.</a><a href="#0_30">....................................................................... 192 </a><a href="#0_31">4.2.2 Sectoral</a><a href="#0_31"> </a><a href="#0_31">changes expected to affect the energy system and the greenhouse gas </a><a href="#0_31">emission</a><a href="#0_31">s</a><a href="#0_31">.</a><a href="#0_31">.......................................................................................................................... 192 </a><a href="#0_0">4.2.3 Global</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">energy trends, international fossil fuel prices, EU ETS carbon price ..................... 194 </a><a href="#0_0">4.2.4 Technology</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">cost developments......................................................................................... 195 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">4.3 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Decarbonisation dimension..................................................................................................... 196 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_32">4.3.1 Greenhouse</a><a href="#0_32"> </a><a href="#0_32">Gas Emissions and Removal</a><a href="#0_32">s</a><a href="#0_32">.</a><a href="#0_32">....................................................................... 196 </a><a href="#0_0">4.3.2 Renewable</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">energ</a><a href="#0_0">y</a><a href="#0_0">.</a><a href="#0_0">............................................................................................................ 201 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_33">4.4 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_33">Energy efficiency dimension.................................................................................................... 212 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_34">4.4.1 Current</a><a href="#0_34"> </a><a href="#0_34">primary and final consumption of energy in the economy and by sector........... 212 </a><a href="#0_0">4.4.2 Current</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">capacity for high-efficiency cogeneration and efficient district heating and </a><a href="#0_0">cooling ............................................................................................................................... 218 </a><a href="#0_0">4.4.3 Forecasts</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">taking into account existing policies, measures for the primary and final </a><a href="#0_0">consumption of energy for each sector ............................................................................ 219 </a><a href="#0_16">4.4.4 Cost-optimal</a><a href="#0_16"> </a><a href="#0_16">levels of minimum energy performance requirements resulting from </a><a href="#0_16">national calculations.......................................................................................................... 224 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_6">4.5 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_6">Energy security dimension ...................................................................................................... 231 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_14">4.5.1 Current</a><a href="#0_14"> </a><a href="#0_14">energy mix, domestic energy sources, dependence from imports ..................... 231 </a><a href="#0_35">4.5.2 Forecasts</a><a href="#0_35"> </a><a href="#0_35">regarding the developments in respect of existing policies and measures...... 235 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_8">4.6 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_8">Internal energy market dimensio</a><a href="#0_8">n</a><a href="#0_8">.</a><a href="#0_8">......................................................................................... 236 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_36">4.6.1 Electricity</a><a href="#0_36"> </a><a href="#0_36">interconnectivity............................................................................................... 236 </a><a href="#0_37">4.6.2 Energy</a><a href="#0_37"> </a><a href="#0_37">transmission infrastructures ................................................................................. 237 </a><a href="#0_38">4.6.3 Electricity</a><a href="#0_38"> </a><a href="#0_38">and gas markets, energy prices ........................................................................ 239 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">4.7 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Research, innovation and competitiveness dimension........................................................... 247 </a></li></ul><a href="#0_0">IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PLANNED POLICIES AND MEASURES........................................ 249 </a> <a href="#0_10">Impact of planned policies and measure</a><a href="#0_10">s</a><a href="#0_10">.</a><a href="#0_10">.............................................................................. 249 </a> <a href="#0_0">Chapter 5 </a> <a href="#0_10">5.1 </a> <a href="#0_39">5.1.1 Forecasts</a><a href="#0_39"> </a><a href="#0_39">for the development of the energy system and the emissions and </a><a href="#0_39">absorptions of Greenhouse gase</a><a href="#0_39">s</a><a href="#0_39">.</a><a href="#0_39">.................................................................................... 249 </a><a href="#0_0">5.1.2 Assessment</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">of the interaction and the impact of energy-efficiency/energy-saving </a><a href="#0_0">policies............................................................................................................................... 294 </a><a href="#0_0">5.1.3 Assessment</a><a href="#0_0"> </a><a href="#0_0">of interactions between policies and measures and planned policies </a><a href="#0_0">and measures .................................................................................................................... 296 </a><a href="#0_40">5.2 </a><a href="#0_41">5.3 </a> <a href="#0_40">Analysis of impact of key national planning policie</a><a href="#0_40">s</a><a href="#0_40">.</a><a href="#0_40">.............................................................. 299 </a><a href="#0_41">Overview of investment needs................................................................................................ 303 </a> <a href="#0_2">5.3.1 Existing</a><a href="#0_2"> </a><a href="#0_2">investment flows and planned investment assumptions regarding planned </a><a href="#0_2">policies and measures ....................................................................................................... 303 </a><a href="#0_42">5.3.2 Risk</a><a href="#0_42"> </a><a href="#0_42">factors and challenges ............................................................................................... 307 </a><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Chapter 6 </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0">Bibliography....................................................................................................................... 310 </a></li></ul>Chapter 1 PLAN OVERVIEW AND DRAFTING PROCEDURE 1.1 Executive summary <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">1.1.1 </li><li style="flex:1">Political, economic, environmental and social context of the plan </li></ul>The set of interventions towards implementing reforms in the energy sector for the creation of competitive energy markets is crucial for ensuring long-term economic prospects, also contributing towards a low-carbon economy. The increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and the improvement of energy efficiency through a broader policy approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, also taking into account such key parameters as energy security and achieving lower costs across the energy sector, are a key objective for Greece. <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">1.1.2 </li><li style="flex:1">Overall strategy in relation to the five dimensions of the Energy Union </li></ul>The primary objective of the Greek energy policy is to ensure the viable and sustainable development of the energy sector from production to end use, also protecting the environment and making a contribution towards addressing climate change. Greece takes an active part in the global effort made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, most of which is generated by the energy sector. An additional key objective is to preserve and manage energy resources in a way that ensures the smooth, uninterrupted and reliable coverage of domestic energy needs, as well as access for all consumers (people, businesses and public sector bodies) to affordable and safe energy. The attainment of that objective relates to securing energy resources, by diversifying energy sources and flows, as well as by using domestic energy sources with a view to reducing the energy dependency of Greece, ensuring supply in the domestic market and protecting consumers in case of supply disruption and emergency. Greece’s energy sector is being restructured, with a view to developing and operating competitive and economically viable energy markets, which are supposed to function so as to offer energy products and services to consumers at competitive and transparent prices. Moreover, in a European and global decarbonisation environment, the shift to a low-carbon-intensity energy system will strengthen the competitiveness of the Greek economy, while at the same time allowing new energy technologies to enter the energy market competitively, providing opportunities for innovative investments and activities. This shift aims to transform the energy system, also ensuring sustainable results for the environment and the Greek society. 6In addition to that, strengthening Greece’s regional role as an energy hub is an additional tool for attaining its aims both in terms of energy and development. The restructuring and shift of the energy sector, in the context of the commitments and targets that are based on the Paris Agreement, are also inseparably linked to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These sustainable development goals are associated with the necessary shift to new production and consumption standards, the need for sustainable cities, the elimination of poverty, the establishment of flexible infrastructure and the promotion of sustainable industrialisation and innovation. The above aims are the components of a sustainable development model which aims to ensure, in addition to fiscal stability, the restructuring of production, the rational use of resources and, primarily, non-discriminate and unhindered access to basic goods and services for all. In recent decades, the Greek economy has been based primarily on the services sector, which represents a significant part of the Greek gross domestic product (GDP). Industry represents less than 15 %, and the share of primary agricultural production in the GDP is equally low despite employing 14 % of Greece’s

National Energy and Climate Plan

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