Bowls, Bocce and Shuffleboard • go back to at least the 12th century – maybe Roman? from shotputting? • played outdoors, which is a problem in winter! Billiards • Bowls, moved indoors, ~1550 • “Billiards” was a generic name for many games. Bagatelle • Invented in 1777 by making a narrow Billiards table with many obstacles. Penny Arcades • Businesses that operated rooms full of mechanical contraptions that customers would pay to operate for a short time • Often part of other businesses: bars, diners. Pinball • Bagatelle with lights and bells and mechanical contraptions • Many patents! • The companies who made arcade games generally were old pinball manufacturers Old games: why, again? • You can see ideas evolving, being led by tech-- you can see the conversation • These games are still marketable – youtube.com/watch?v=OyfP3ZG-42Y • Spare parts for your game – or! paste-ready minigames • Small size compared to AAA’s like BioShock; feasible scope • Your history, letting names be known • Smaller games; easier to discuss Cinematronics, corrections! • Tailgunner, Unknown vectorbeam employee (1979) – Actual 3D – youtube.com/watch?v=V4hb9UJBs9k • Armor Attack, Tim Skelly, 1980 – youtube.com/watch?v=eA9HN8ywIiY • Star Castle, Skelly & UVE, 1980 – youtube.com/watch?v=EGIOSGRm5Sc • Reactor, Tim Skelly, 1982 – youtube.com/watch?v=bKzx1mBV2PU Cinematronics/Skelly • Rip Off, Tim Skelly, 1980 – Infinite ship supply; you defend pods from raiders, who shoot you and steal them. – First collaborative multiplayer? – youtube.com/watch?v=3-EDILMmpos • Cautionary note about all of Wikipedia – it is wrong too much – userpages.umbc.edu/~mcdo/380/reading/Skelly3.pdf Galaxian • Kazunori Sawano, Koichi Tashiro, and Shige Ishimura, 1979, for Namco • Non-overlay color, a theme song. • Note extension of Space Invaders form. • youtube.com/watch?v=kQe9n4ftrTc David Theurer • Tempest, 1980, Atari – youtube.com/watch?v=_n-9rcpeCyc • Missile Command, 1980, Atari – youtube.com/watch?v=t-cD0XdyQ7s&feature Ed Logg • Super Breakout • Football (project leader), 1978 • Asteroids (with Lyle Rains), 1979 • Centipede (with Donna Bailey), 1980 • Gauntlet, 1985 Centipede • Ed Logg and Donna Bailey, 1980, Atari • youtube.com/watch?v=xGEZ3NNH6cs Gauntlet • Ed Logg, 1984 • youtube.com/watch?v=7mMJio2MO6w • 4-player co-op, with hit points! Pac Man • Toru Iwatani, Shigeo Funaki, Toshio Kai, 1980, for Namco • New genre • Cutscenes • Compensation? Battlezone • Ed Rotburg, 1980 • Dual-joystick controllers – like Tank • Note sound-- big speakers, right next to your ear – arcades are loud, consoles competed – 3D • youtube.com/watch?v=Ctr54kopo8I Eugene Jarvis • Defender, 1980 • Robotron 2084, 1982 • Cruis’n, Smash TV Defender • Eugene Jarvis, Larry DeMar, Sam Dicker, and Paul Dussault, 1980, Williams • Average play time 45 seconds • 5 buttons and a joystick-- unheard-of complexity • youtube.com/watch?v=4GV2jwp1slU Robotron 2084 • Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar, 1982 • youtube.com/watch?v=5x7naspEhD8 • two-joystick controls • Now called "Geometry Wars” Donkey Kong • Shigeru Miyamoto's first game, 1981 • Space Panic is supposedly the first platformer; so what. Space Panic • First platformer, but no jump • youtube.com/watch?v=oTNG982glR8 • Why is Donkey Kong better? Galaga • Unknowns at Namco, 1981 • Interesting multiple play modes, big graphics step, sound much more complex • youtube.com/watch?v=G-DG0PnEEsw • Look at the difference between 1977 and 1981! Scramble • Unknowns at Konami, 1981 • Familiar-looking shmup • youtube.com/watch?v=kjIbk1Lpr4I Joust • John Newcomer, Bill Pfutzenrueter, Jan Handricks, Phython Anghelo, for Williams, 1982 • youtube.com/watch?v=2Ga2Dtkg92I • What you get when Mario can jump in midair • Williams, pinball company – originator of the "tilt” – had made "Paddle-Ball", 1973 Sinistar • Noah Falstein and John Newcomer, 1982 • youtube.com/watch?v=xcyBtVwAsfg • Nice voice recordings Q*Bert • Warren Davis (shown) and Jeff Lee, 1981 • for Gottlieb, another former pinball machine maker • youtube.com/watch?v=C6SeyUEJM9E Dig-Dug • Unknowns at Namco, 1982 • youtube.com/watch?v=7no4Kilk5BY Ms Pac-Man • “Programmers at the General Computer Corporation”, 1982 • Doug McCrae, Kevin Curran? • Make “Crazy Otto”, shopped it at Midway, “who” changed the sprites and renamed it Ms. Pac-Man Dragon’s Lair • Rick Dyer, 1983, for Cinematronics • Don Bluth, animations • Combined “Laserdisc” with CPU – mean 650 hours per laser– about a year • youtube.com/watch?v=Uvk8E9RwT5g • “Space Ace” used the same team, tech • Just an awful game, but entertaining others • Sinistar, Spy Hunter, Pheonix, Tron, ... • Okay, now we have a body of work to discuss – let’s get back to game studies Using MAME • Unless you pay $200-$2000 for each arcade machine, or buy officially licensed copies of these games, for EACH AND EVERY PLATFORM on which you play the games, you are STEALING from these faceless multinational billionaire corporations who bought or otherwise somehow acquired these games from the faceless multinational corporations who bought or otherwise somehow acquired the games from the electronics hardware factory owners who paid the authors of these world-famous games (most of whom have been unable to stay in the industry for financial reasons, and whose names are still not included in the packaging for some reason) their factory-worker scale wages FAIR and SQUARE in exchange for all the rights to these games ten years before you were born. • And, (you are) interfering with their (the first set of multinationals’) right to repackage and resell these games for enormous profit in perpetuity. • And stealing is EVIL! .