The Asian EFL Journal June 2021 Volume 28 Issue 3.3 Senior Editor: Paul Robertson Published by the English Language Education Publishing Asian EFL Journal A Division of TESOL Asia Group www.asian-efl-journal.com ©Asian EFL Journal 2020 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the Asian EFL Journal Press. No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Asian EFL Journal. [email protected] Publisher: English Language Education (ELE) Publishing Chief Editor: Dr. Paul Robertson Associate Production Editor: Ramon Medriano, Jr. ISSN 1738-1460 Asian EFL Journal Research Articles. Vol. 28 Issue No. 3.3 June 2021 Table of Contents Foreword 4 1 Narjes Ahmed, Asif Mahbub Karim Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Global Education Sector: Evidence from the Kingdom of Bahrain 7 2 Humaizi, Muhammad Yusuf, Sakhyan Asmara Analysis of Probability and Usuality in Leaders’ Spoken Texts by Using English Systemic Functional Linguistics 40 3 Mohd. Fauzi, Tengku Silvana Sinar, Dwi Widayati Bahagia Tarigan An Analysis of Malay’s Maritime-Oriented Texts by Using Critical English Eco-linguistics 56 4 T. Silvana Sinar, T. Thyrhaya Zein, Nurlela Attitude Analysis in Courtroom Discourse by Using English Systemic Functional Linguistics 75 5 Sabriandi Erdian, T. Silvana Sinar, Susanto, T. Syarfina Discourse Analysis of Indictment Text by Using English Systemic Functional Linguistics 87 6 Tengku Ratna Soraya, Nurilam Harianja, Hesti Fibriasari Enhancing University Students’ Writing Achievement by Using Macromedia Flash 104 7 Syahnan Daulay, Dedi Sanjaya, Rosdiana Siregar, Anggie Januarsyah Daulay Indonesian Perception of Code-Switching in Online Advertisement 120 Asian EFL Journal Research Articles. Vol. 28 Issue No. 3.3 June 2021 Foreword Welcome to the Asian EFL Journal Volume 28 3.3. We present 7 articles for your ongoing research in this area of Second Language Acquisition. As we approach the second half of the year we are preparing for a move to a more friendly, traditional and versatile journal operation. From July we shall be using a unique domain where all our publishing will be situated, Open Access and Free to publish, which must remain our underlying principle. We shall also expand our unique group with an increased scope in journal genres where we shall be presenting some unique models to publish such that you the author and we the publisher can significantly advance the profession. The first paper is titled Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Global Education Sector: Evidence from the Kingdom of Bahrain authored by Narjes Ahmed and Dr Asif Mahbub Karim. Their study investigated the impact of the Corona Virus Pandemic on the educational sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Online learning seemed to be very useful to a significant number of respondents regardless of the distraction and challenges students facing while learning from home. As well the majority of students parents interviewed stated that their children were successful in following online educational programs although the online process lacked many aspects such as teaching students some life skills. The second paper is titled Analysis of Probability and Usuality in Leaders’ Spoken Texts by Using English Systemic Functional Linguistics presented by Humaizi, Muhammad Yusuf and Sakhyan Asmara. The researchers’ source were the linguistic utterances obtained from two sessions of an Indonesian leaders’ debate. Systemic functional linguistics is an approach proposed by Halliday, where language is seen as a meaning-making resource and studies the construction of meaning through the lexico-grammatical choices system. The third paper is An Analysis of Malay’s Maritime-Oriented Texts by Using Critical English Ecolinguistics from authors Mohd. Fauzi, Tengku Silvana Sinar, Dwi Widayati and Bahagia Tarigan. The concept of critical ecolinguistics is used to critically analyze issues of texts related to the ideology. Critical English ecolinguistics views that humans' environmental languages do not 4 stand alone but are the result of social, cultural, and natural constructions in which humans live. Ecolinguistics can be used in all fields of linguistics that combine language and environment. Fill (1993) defines "Ecolinguistics is an umbrella term for '[...] all approaches in which the study of language (and languages) is in any way combined with ecology.’ The next paper is entitled Attitude Analysis in Courtroom Discourse by Using English Systemic Functional Linguistics presented by T. Silvana Sinar, T. Thyrhaya Zein and Nurlela. The objective of this study was to analyze the attitudes created by the judges, public prosecutors, and witnesses during court hearings by using English Systemic Functional Linguistics. Courtroom English is a topic all too rarely researched or reported on in SLA journals but one where our specialist journal, the International Journal of Law Language and Discourse is now focusing. The fifth paper is entitled Discourse Analysis of Indictment Text by Using English Systemic Functional Linguistics. The authors examine, and similar to the previous article, the words and texts in English that permeate court trials. The language pattern has been analyzed using the English Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory of experiential meanings. Next. The sixth paper, is by Tengku Ratna Soraya, Nurilam Harianja and Hesti Fibriasari titled Enhancing University Students’ Writing Achievement by Using Macromedia Flash. Their study examined the improvement of university students' writing achievement by using Macromedia Flash via means of an action research design through it was limited to English writing skills thus suggesting further research on the other skills should be undertaken. Last but not least is a paper titled Indonesian Perception of Code-Switching in Online Advertisement. The authors are Syahnan Daulay, Dedi Sanjaya, Rosdiana Siregar and Mhd. Anggie Januarsyah Daulay. Their study investigated the impact of code-switching (Indonesian language to the English language) in online advertisements. The results will be of interest to those who specialize in marketing, for the research notes, to quote, “…Most Indonesian tertiary students agreed that code-switched online advertisement was more influential than a mono-language advertisement, always coming across their mind and cheerful. The reasons were that the code-switched advertisement was creative, attractive, not confusing, clearly understandable, and not obliterating the Indonesian language. Moreover, most respondents agreed that code-switched online advertisements managed to influence them to buy the product offered.” We trust you will enjoy reading, reviewing and evaluating the findings of the aforementioned academics. Some papers do not fit the pale of the journal’s structure; however, it is clear they 5 will not find any other publishing outlet, but being underpinned by English SLA, we have allowed them to find space in this edition. How does their research fit into your observations and other known research? It is clear from the research into English Second Language Acquisition that we publish, that the more we research, the more research is called for, for each new research finding opens up discussions on inter alia, culture, etc., and whether that research can be followed or distinguished in other ESL EFL settings. And that in turn leads to more specialized need for upgraded Teacher training. 6 Asian EFL Journal Research Articles. Vol. 28 Issue No. 3.3 June 2021 Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Global Education Sector: Evidence from the Kingdom of Bahrain Narjes Ahmed English Lecturer, English Language Center, University of Bahrain, Bahrain Dr Asif Mahbub Karim Professor and Dean, Binary Graduate School, Binary University of Management and Entrepreneurship, Malaysia Bio-profiles: Narjes Ahmed is currently working as an English Lecturer at the English Language Center of University of Bahrain. She is currently a PhD Student at Binary University – Malaysia since November of 2017. She a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from AMA International University – Bahrain –in Human Resources Management, 2006. She has a bachelor Degree in English literature & a Diploma in Education from University of Bahrain ,1997. She has a Certified Professional Resources & Compensation (CPHRC) 2012, -IHRME –Institute for Human Resources Management Education, USA. She is Fellow of the Higher Education Academy- UK, 2019. She is interested in teaching the language and learning and much interested in writing publications. Prof. Dr. Asif Karim is currently serving as an Associate Professor and Dean of Binary Graduate School, Binary University, a 5-star rated university in Malaysia since December 2017. He is appointed by the MQA (Malaysian Qualification Agency) of the Government of Malaysia as the Internal Auditor for Binary University for a period of 3 years starting from November 2017. Prof. Dr. Asif has a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) focused in Creative Accounting and Forensic Accounting from Malaysia. An Accountant by profession with corporate and industry experiences with KPMG. Prof. Dr. Asif has published 100 plus international publications in reputed SCOPUS, ERA, Elsevier and other peer reviewed journals. Prof. Dr. Asif does research