OCEAN ACCOUNTS Global Ocean Data Inventory Version 1.0 13 Dec 2019 Lyutong CAI Statistics Division, ESCAP Email: [email protected] or [email protected] ESCAP Statistics Division: [email protected] Acknowledgments The author is thankful for the pre-research done by Michael Bordt (Global Ocean Accounts Partnership co-chair) and Yilun Luo (ESCAP), the contribution from Feixue Li (Nanjing University) and suggestions from Teerapong Praphotjanaporn (ESCAP). Introduction No. ID Name Component Data format Status Acquisition method Data resolution Data Available Further information Website Document CMECS is designed for use within all waters ranging from the Includes the physical, biological, Not limited to specific gear https://iocm.noaa.gov/c Coastal and Marine head of tide to the limits of the exclusive economic zone, and and chemical data that are types or to observations A comprehensive national framework for organizing information about coasts and oceans and mecs/documents/CME 001 SU-001 Ecological Classification Single Spatial units N/A Ongoing from the spray zone to the deep ocean. It is compatible with https://iocm.noaa.gov/cmecs/ collectively used to define coastal made at specific spatial or their living systems. CS_One_Page_Descrip Standard(CMECS) many existing upland and wetland classification standards and and marine ecosystems temporal resolutions tion-20160518.pdf can be used with most if not all data collection technologies. https://www.researchga te.net/publication/32889 The Combined Biotope Classification Scheme (CBiCS) 1619_Combined_Bioto Combined Biotope It is a hierarchical classification of marine biotopes, including aquatic setting, biogeographic combines the core elements of the CMECS habitat pe_Classification_Sche 002 SU-002 Classification Single Spatial units Onlline viewer Ongoing N/A N/A setting, water column component, substrate component, geoform component, biotic http://www.cbics.org/about/ classification scheme and the JNCC/EUNIS biotope me_CBiCS_A_New_M Scheme(SBiCS) component, morphospecies component. classification scheme. arine_Ecological_Class ification_Scheme_to_M eet_New_Challenges The LMEs produce about 80% of the annual world's marine fisheries catch. Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) are relatively large areas of Large Marine Ecosystems ocean space of approximately 200,000 km² or greater, 003 SU-003 Single Spatial units SHP/ KML Ongoing Satallite data, modelled data N/A Globally they are centers of coastal ocean pollution and nutrient overenrichment, habitat http://lme.edc.uri.edu/ (LMEs) adjacent to the continents in coastal waters where primary degradation (e.g. sea grasses, corals, mangroves), overfishing, biodiversity loss, and climate productivity is generally higher than in open ocean areas. change effects. https://tos.org/oceanogr The EMUs are an initial objective partitioning of the ocean using longterm historical average https://esri.maps.arcSHP.com/ho aphy/article/a-three- ESRI - Ecological Marine Based on historical data, a new Minmum spatial resolution: 004 SU-004 Single Spatial units SHP Ongoing data, and could be extended in the future by adding new classification variables and by me/group.html?id=6c78a5125d32 dimensional-mapping- Units difined Ecosystem Classifiation ¼° × ¼° introducing functionality to develop time-specific EMU distribution maps. 44f38d1bc732ef0ee743#overview of-the-ocean-based-on- environmental-data Underlying data for the identification and definition of https://www.worldwildlife.org/publi It is the first ever comprehensive marine classification system WWF - Marine Ecoregions of biogeographic units from over cations/marine-ecoregions-of-the- 005 SU-005 Single Spatial units SHP Finished (2007) N/A A biogeographic classification of the world's coasts and shelves with clearly defined boundaries and definitions and was the World (MEOW) 230 works in journals, NGO world-a-bioregionalization-of- developed to closely link to existing regional systems. reports, government publications, coastal-and-shelf-areas and other sources. The theoretical framework is critical to ensuring classification robustness with a changing knowledge base plus the flexibility https://iucnrle.org/static/ to accommodate new information. The hierarchical framework media/uploads/referenc integrates both top-down approaches, essential for global es/key- It is a new functional typology for ecosystems by providing a global framework for reporting on https://iucnrle.org/about- IUCN - Global Ecosystem Map (ongoing Historical data, satellite data, consistency, and bottom-up approaches, to incorporate documents/scientific- 006 SU-006 Single Spatial units Ongoing N/A Aichi targets, Sustainable Development Goals, and natural capital accounting, as well as for rle/ongoing-initiatives/global- Typology updated) modelled data established ecological classifications, already in use and foundations/keith-etal- structuring global risk assessments for the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems. ecosystem-typology/ incorporated into policy infrastructure in regional, national and 2013-scientific- sub-national levels (e.g. EUNIS habitat classification). This is foundations-red-list- crucial, as important conservation action occurs at local levels, ecosystems-en.pdf where most expertise resides. Note that the boundaries of these provinces are not fixed in time and space, but are dynamic and move under seasonal and interannual changes in physical forcing. At the first level of reduction, Longhurst recognised four principal biomes: the The dataset represents the division of the world oceans into provinces as defined by Polar biome, the Westerlies biome, the Trade winds biome, https://www.arcgis.com/home/ite http://www.marineregio 007 SU-007 Longhurst Provinces Single Spatial units SHP Finished (2010) N/A Spatial resolution: 1x1° Longhurst. The division has been based on the prevailing role of physical forcing as a regulator and the Coastal biome. These four biomes are recognised in m.html?id=16ac3f05b7c24c34b45 ns.org/gazetteer.php?p of phytoplankton distribution. every major ocean basin. At the next level of reduction, the 8a28e8b6f5b30 =details&id=22538 ocean basins are divided into provinces, roughly ten for each basin. These regions provide a template for data analysis or for making parameter assignments on a global scale. Please refer to Longhurst's publications when using these shapefiles. NetCDF/ GRD98/ BINARY/ XYZ/ Finished (in 2008) NOAA - ETOPO1 Global Spacial resolution: 1 arc- Ocean bathymetry available in "Ice Surface" (top of Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets) and Horizontal datum: WGS 84 geographic https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/g 008 OE-001 Single Ocean extent Georeferenced data from 1940 to Model data Relief Model minute "Bedrock" (base of the ice sheets). Vertical datum: sea level. lobal/global.html TIFF/ PDF/ 2008 PNG/ JPEG/ KMZV Maritime Boundaries, including EEZ, global sea area map Marine Regions is a standard list of marine georeferenced The purpose of Marine Regions is therefore to create a standard, relational list of geographic place names and areas. It integrates and serves geographic http://www.marineregions.org/sour http://www.marineregio 009 OE-002 Marine Regions Single Spatial units SHP/ GML Ongoing N/A N/A names, coupled with information and maps of the geographic location of these features. This information from the VLIMAR Gazetteer and the MARBOUND ces.php ns.org/ will improve access and clarity of the different geographic, marine names such as seas, database and proposes a standard of marine georeferenced sandbanks, ridges and bays and display univocally the boundaries of marine biogeographic or locations, boundaries and regions managerial marine areas. Page 1 of 13 Introduction No. ID Name Component Data format Status Acquisition method Data resolution Data Available Further information Website Document ■Benthic habitat maps, Environmental Sensitivity Index maps, bathymetry, shoreline, and backscatter data; ■Coastal Change and Analysis data, LiDAR and IfSAR data, satellite data and products, NOAA Coral Reef activities include coral reef mapping, https://www.coris.noaa.gov/ NOAA - Coral Reef Portal (See In situ data, satellite data, remotely sensed imagery and aerial photography; monitoring and assessment; natural and socioeconomic 010 OE-003 Single Ocean extent Ongoing N/A Information System(CoRIS) each dataset) publications ■Coastal and marine observational data including Real time tides and currents data, and research and modeling; outreach and education; and https://www.coris.noaa.gov/search biological survey data including fish, coral, algae, and invertebrates. management and stewardship. /catalog/main/home.page ■Journal articles and documents that relay CRCP program and policy information, descriptions of the state of corals, and strategies for preserving coral ecosystems The database schema accommodates both linear (trawls, https://data.nodc.noaa.g transects) and point data (samples, observations). The https://deepseacoraldata.noaa.go ov/coris/library/NOAA/C Portal (HTML/ Historical records from samples, schema captures information in 95 fields across eight main v/ NOAA - Deep Sea Coral RCP/other/other_crcp_ 011 OE-004 Single Ocean extent CSV / JSON/ Ongoing observations collected during N/A Deep-sea coral and sponge data, images, and technical reports categories related to surveys (e.g. cruises or expeditions), Data Portal (DSCRTP) publications/DeepSeaC KML) deep-water in situ surveys events (e.g. dives or transects), observations (e.g. specimens https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/d